Chapter 1, Problem 35RE

RECALL Which of the following are spontaneous processes? Explain your answer for each process.

(a) The hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi ${\text{P}}_{\text{i}}$

(b) The oxidation of glucose to ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ and ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ by an organism

(c) The phosphorylation of ADP to ATP

(d) The production of glucose and ${\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ from ${\text{CO}}_{\text{2}}$ and ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ in photosynthesis