1 Matter, Measurement, And Problem Solving 2 Atoms And Elements 3 Molecules, Compounds, And Chemical Equations 4 Chemical Quantities And Aqueous Reactions 5 Gases 6 Thermochemistry 7 The Quantum-Mechanical Model Of The Atom 8 Periodic Properties Of The Elements 9 Chemical Bonding I: The Lewis Model 10 Chemical Bonding II: Molecular Shapes, Valence Bond Theory, And Molecular Orbital Theory 11 Liquids, Solids, And Intermolecular Forces 12 Solids And Modern Materials 13 Solutions 14 Chemical Kinetics 15 Chemical Equilibrium 16 Acids And Bases 17 Aqueous Ionic Equilibrium 18 Free Energy And Thermodynamics 19 Electrochemistry 20 Radioactivity And Nuclear Chemistry 21 Organic Chemistry 22 Biochemistry 23 Chemistry Of The Nonmentals 24 Metals And Metallurgy 25 Transition Metals And Coordination Compounds expand_more
Chapter Questions expand_more
Problem 1SAQ: A chemist mixes sodium with water and witnesses a violent reaction between the metal and water. This... Problem 2SAQ: Q2. This image represents a particulate view of a sample of matter. Classify the sample according to... Problem 3SAQ: Which change is a physical change? a) Wood burning b) Iron rusting c) Dynamite exploding d) Gasoline... Problem 4SAQ: Q4. Which property of rubbing alcohol is a chemical property?
a) Density (0.786 g/cm3)
b)... Problem 5SAQ: Convert 85F to K. a) 181.1 K b) 358 K c) 29.4 K d) 302.6 K Problem 6SAQ: Express the quantity 33.2 10?4 m in mm. a) 33.2 mm b) 3.32 mm c) 0.332 mm d) 3.32 10?6 mm Problem 7SAQ: Q7. What is the mass of a 1.75 L sample of a liquid that has a density of 0.921 g/mL?
a) 1.61 ×... Problem 8SAQ: Perform the calculation to the correct number of significant figures. (43.9980.00552)/2.002 a) 0.121... Problem 9SAQ: Q9. Perform the calculation to the correct number of significant figures.
a) 0.1698867
b) 0.17
c)... Problem 10SAQ: Q10. Convert 1285 cm2 to m2.
a) 1.285 × 107 m2 b) 12.85 m2
c) 0.1285 m2 d) 1.285 × 105 m2
Problem 11SAQ: Q11. The first diagram depicts a compound in its liquid state. Which of the other diagrams best... Problem 12SAQ: Q12. Three samples, each of a different substance, are weighed and their volume is measured. The... Problem 13SAQ: Q13. A solid metal sphere has a radius of 3.53 cm and a mass of 1.796 kg. What is the density of the... Problem 14SAQ: Q14. The gas mileage of a certain German automobile is 22 km/L. Convert the quantity to miles per... Problem 15SAQ: Q15. A wooden block has a volume of 18.5 in3. Express the volume of the cube in cm3.
a) 303 cm3
b)... Problem 1E: 1. Explain this statement in your own words and give an example. The properties of the substances... Problem 2E Problem 3E: 3. Describe the scientific approach to knowledge. How does it differ from other approaches?
Problem 4E: 4. Explain the differences between a hypothesis, a law, and a theory.
Problem 5E: 5. What observations did Antoine Lavoisier make? What law did he formulate?
Problem 6E: 6. What theory did John Dalton formulate?
Problem 7E: 7. What is wrong with the expression “That is just a theory,” if by theory the speaker is referring... Problem 8E: 8. What are two different ways to classify matter?
Problem 9E: 9. How do solids, liquids, and gases differ?
Problem 10E: 10. What is the difference between a crystalline solid and an amorphous solid?
Problem 11E: 11. Explain the difference between a pure substance and a mixture.
Problem 12E: 12. Explain the difference between an element and a compound.
Problem 13E: 13. Explain the difference between a homogeneous and a heterogeneous mixture.
Problem 14E: 14. What kind of mixtures can be separated by filtration?
Problem 15E: 15. Explain how distillation is used to separate mixtures.
Problem 16E: 16. What is the difference between a physical property and a chemical property?
Problem 17E: 17. What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change? List some examples of... Problem 18E: 18. Explain the significance of the law of conservation of energy.
Problem 19E Problem 20E: 20. What are the standard SI base units of length, mass, time, and temperature?
Problem 21E: 21. What are the three common temperature scales? Does the size of a degree differ among them?
Problem 22E: 22. What are prefix multipliers? List some examples.
Problem 23E: 23. What is a derived unit? List an example.
Problem 24E: 24. Explain the difference between density and mass.
Problem 25E: 25. Explain the difference between intensive and extensive properties.
Problem 26E: 26. What is the meaning of the number of digits reported in a measured quantity?
Problem 27E: 27. When multiplying or dividing measured quantities, what determines the number of significant... Problem 28E: 28. When adding and subtracting measured quantities, what determines the number of significant... Problem 29E: 29. What are the rules for rounding off the results of calculations?
Problem 30E Problem 31E Problem 32E: 32. What is dimensional analysis?
Problem 33E: 33. Classify each statement as an observation, a law, or a theory.
a. All matter is made up of... Problem 34E: 34. Classify each statement as an observation, a law, or a theory.
a. Chlorine is a highly reactive... Problem 35E: 35. A chemist decomposes several samples of carbon monoxide into carbon and oxygen and weighs the... Problem 36E: 36. When astronomers observe distant galaxies, they can tell that most of them are moving away from... Problem 37E: 37. Classify each substance as a pure substance or a mixture. If it is a pure substance, classify it... Problem 38E: 38. Classify each substance as a pure substance or a mixture. If it is a pure substance, classify it... Problem 39E: 39. Complete the table.
Substance Pure or mixture Type
aluminum pure element
apple... Problem 40E: 40. Complete the table.
Substance Pure or... Problem 41E: 41. Determine whether each molecular diagram represents a pure substance or a mixture. If it... Problem 42E: 42. Determine whether each molecular diagram represents a pure substance or a mixture. If it... Problem 43E: 43. Classify each of the listed properties of isopropyl alcohol (also known as rubbing alcohol) as... Problem 44E Problem 45E Problem 46E: 46. Classify each property as physical or chemical.
a. the boiling point of ethyl alcohol
b. the... Problem 47E: 47. Classify each change as physical or chemical.
a. Natural gas burns in a stove.
b. The liquid... Problem 48E Problem 49E: 49. Based on the molecular diagram, classify each change as physical or chemical.
Problem 50E: 50. Based on the molecular diagram, classify each change as physical or chemical.
Problem 51E: 51. Convert each temperature.
a. F to (temperature at which water freezes)
b. 77 K to ... Problem 52E: 52. Convert each temperature.
a. F to (temperature of boiling water at sea level)
b. C to K... Problem 53E: 53. The coldest temperature ever measured in the United States is F, recorded on January 23, 1971,... Problem 54E Problem 55E: 55. Use the prefix multiplier to express each measurement without exponents.
a. 1.2 × 109 m
b. 22... Problem 56E: 56. Use the prefix multiplier to express each measurement without exponents.
a. 38.8 × 105 g
b.... Problem 57E: 57. Use scientific notation to express each quantity with only base units (no prefix... Problem 58E: 58. Use scientific notation to express each quantity with only base units (no prefix... Problem 59E: 59. Complete the table.
a. 1245 kg 1.245 × 106 g 1.245 × 109 mg
b. 515 km _____dm _____cm
c. 122.355... Problem 60E: 60. Complete the table.
a. 355 km/s _____cm/s _____m/ms
b. 1228 g/L _____g/mL _____kg/mL
c. 554... Problem 61E: 61. Express the quantity 254,998 m in each unit.
a. km
b. Mm
c. mm
d. cm
Problem 62E: 62. Express the quantity in each unit.
a. ms
b. ns
c. ps
d. fs
Problem 63E: 63. How many 1 cm squares would it take to construct a square that is 1 m on each side?
Problem 64E Problem 65E: 65. A new penny has a mass of 2.49 g and a volume of . Is the penny made of pure copper? Explain... Problem 66E: 66. A titanium bicycle frame displaces 0.314 L of water and has a mass of 1.41 kg. What is the... Problem 67E: 67. Glycerol is a syrupy liquid often used in cosmetic and soaps. A 3.25 L sample of pure glycerol... Problem 68E: 68. A supposedly gold nugget displaces 19.3 mL of water and has a mass of 371 g. Could the nugget be... Problem 69E: 69. Ethylene glycol (antifreeze) has a density of .
a. What is the mass in gram of 417 mL of... Problem 70E: 70. Acetone (nail polish remover) has a density of .
a. What is the mass in gram of 28.56 mL of... Problem 71E: 71. A small airplane takes on 245 L of fuel. If the density of the fuel is 0.821 g/mL, what mass of... Problem 72E: 72. Human fat has a density of . How much volume is gained by a person who gains 10.0 lb of pure... Problem 73E Problem 74E: 74. Read each measurement to the correct number of significant figures. Laboratory glassware should... Problem 75E: 75. For each number, underline the zeros that are significant and draw an x through the zeros that... Problem 76E: 76. For each number, underline the zeros that are significant and draw an x through the zeros that... Problem 77E: 77. How many significant figures are in each number?
a. 0.000312 m
b. 312,000 s
c.
d. 13,127... Problem 78E: 78. How many significant figures are in each number?
a. 0.1111 s
b. 0.007 m
c. 108,700 km
d.... Problem 79E Problem 80E: 80. Indicate the number of significant figures in each number. If the number is an exact number,... Problem 81E: 81. Round each number to four significant figures.
a. 156.852
b. 156.842
c. 156.849
d. 156.899
Problem 82E Problem 83E: 83. Calculate to the correct number of significant figures.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Problem 84E: 84. Calculate to the correct number of significant figures.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Problem 85E: 85. Calculate to the correct number of significant figures.
a. 43.7 – 2.341
b. 17.6 + 2.838 + 2.3... Problem 86E: 86. Calculate to the correct number of significant figures.
a. 0.004 + 0.09879
b. 1239.3 + 9.73 +... Problem 87E: 87. Calculate to the correct number of significant figures.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Problem 88E: 88. Calculate to the correct number of significant figures.
a.
b.
c.
d.
Problem 89E Problem 90E: 90. A flask containing 9.55 mL of a liquid weighs 157.2 g with the liquid in the flask and 148.4 g... Problem 91E Problem 92E: 92. Perform each unit conversion.
a. 28.9 nm to µm
b.
c. 1211 Tm to Gm
Problem 93E Problem 94E Problem 95E: 95. A runner wants to run 10.0 km. Her running pace is 7.5 mi per hour. How many minutes must she... Problem 96E: 96. A cyclist rides at an average speed of 18 mi per hour. If she wants to bike 212 km, how long (in... Problem 97E: 97. A certain European automobile has a gas mileage of 17 km/L. What is the gas mileage in miles per... Problem 98E: 98. A gas can holds 5.0 gal of gasoline. Express this quantity in .
Problem 99E: 99. A house has an area of . What is its area in each unit?
a.
b.
c.
Problem 100E Problem 101E: 101. The average U.S. farm occupies 435 acres. How many square miles is this?
Problem 102E Problem 103E: 103. An acetaminophen suspension for infants contains suspension. The recommended dose is 15 mg/kg... Problem 104E Problem 105E Problem 106E: 106. Determine the number of picoseconds in 2.0 hours.
Problem 107E: 107. Classify each property as intensive or extensive.
a. Volume
b. Boiling point
c. Temperature
d.... Problem 108E: 108. At what temperature are the readings on the Fahrenheit and Celsius thermometers the same?
Problem 109E: 109. Suppose you design a new thermometer called the X thermometer. On the X scale, the boiling... Problem 110E: 110. On a new Jekyll temperature scale, water freezes at 17 °J and boils at 97 °J. On another new... Problem 111E: 111. Force is defined as mass times acceleration. Starting with SI base units, derive a unit for... Problem 112E Problem 113E: 113. Do each calculation without your calculator and give the answers to the correct number of... Problem 114E Problem 115E: 115. A thief uses a can of sand to replace a solid gold cylinder that sits on a weight-sensitive,... Problem 116E: 116. The proton has a radius of approximately and a mass of . Determine the density of a proton for... Problem 117E: 117. The density of titanium is . What is the volume (in cubic inches) of 3.5 lb of titanium?
Problem 118E: 118. The density of iron is . What is its density in pounds per cubic inch ?
Problem 119E Problem 120E: 120. A solid aluminum sphere has a mass of 85 g. Use the density of aluminum to find the radius of... Problem 121E: 121. A backyard swimming pool holds 185 cubic yards of water. What is the mass of the water in... Problem 122E: 122. An iceberg has a volume of . What is the mass of the ice (in kg) composing the iceberg (at... Problem 123E: 123. The Toyota Prius, a hybrid electric vehicle, has an EPA mileage rating of 52 mi/gal in the... Problem 124E Problem 125E Problem 126E: 126. A sample of gaseous neon atoms at atmospheric pressure and 0°C contains atoms per liter. The... Problem 127E Problem 128E Problem 129E: 129. Table salt contains 39.33 g of sodium per 100 g of salt. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration... Problem 130E Problem 131E: 131. A length of 8 copper wire (radius = 1.63 mm) has a mass of 24.0 kg and a resistance of 2.061... Problem 132E: 132. Rolls of aluminum foil are 304 mm wide and 0.016 mm thick. What is the maximum length of the... Problem 133E Problem 134E: 134. Mercury is often used in thermometers. The mercury sits in a bulb on the bottom of the... Problem 135E: 135. A force of is applied to a diver’s face mask that has an area of . Find the pressure in atm on... Problem 136E Problem 137E Problem 138E Problem 139E Problem 140E: 140. Nanotechnology, the field of building ultra-small structures one atom at a time, has progressed... Problem 141E Problem 142E: 142. A box contains a mixture of small copper spheres and small lead spheres. The total volume of... Problem 143E: 143. A volatile liquid (one that easily evaporates) is put into a jar, and the jar is then sealed.... Problem 144E Problem 145E Problem 146E Problem 147E Problem 148E: 148. Let a triangle represent atoms of element A and a circle represent atoms of element B.
a. Draw... Problem 149E: 149. Identify each statement as being most like an observation, a law, or a theory.
a. All coastal... Problem 150QGW Problem 151QGW: 151. Look up the measurement of the approximate thickness of a human hair.
a. Convert the... Problem 152QGW Problem 153QGW Problem 154QGW Problem 155DIA: 155. The graph in Figure a▼ plots the density of water as a function of temperature at a pressure of... format_list_bulleted