The hydrogen bond donors and acceptors are to be determined in each of the four bases present in DNA. Concept Introduction: Nucleic acids are the biomolecules that are composed of the nucleotides. They are the essential forms of life because they are the basic units of RNA and DNA. Further, nucleosides are the nitrogen bases linked to a sugar molecule. When the nucleoside’s primary alcohol group gets phosphorylated, then it results in the formation of nucleotides.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The hydrogen bond donors and acceptors are to be determined in each of the four bases present in DNA.

Concept Introduction: Nucleic acids are the biomolecules that are composed of the nucleotides. They are the essential forms of life because they are the basic units of RNA and DNA. Further, nucleosides are the nitrogen bases linked to a sugar molecule. When the nucleoside’s primary alcohol group gets phosphorylated, then it results in the formation of nucleotides.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

The donors in the hydrogen bond are NH and NH₂ groups, while the acceptors are the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group, and nitrogen atom that is not bonded to a hydrogen atom.

Explanation of Solution

The hydrogen bonding between guanine (G) - cytosine (C), and adenine (A) − thymine (T) is shown below:

BIOCHEMISTRY, Chapter 1, Problem 1P

From the hydrogen bonding in the above figure, it can be seen that −NH₂ group of adenine forms bond with -CO group of thymine, and -NH group of thymine forms bond with the nitrogen atom of the adenine. Further, -NH and −NH₂ groups of guanine forms bond with cytosine, and −NH₂ forms bond with -CO group of guanines.

Hence, the donors in hydrogen bonding are -NH and −NH₂groups, while the acceptors are the oxygen atom of -CO groups, and nitrogen atom involved in the ring.

Conclusion

NH and NH₂ groups are the donors in the hydrogen bond, and oxygen atom of the carbonyl group, and nitrogen atom that is not bonded to a hydrogen atom are the acceptors.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The hydrogen bond donors and acceptors are to be determined in each of the four bases present in DNA.

Concept Introduction: Nucleic acids are the biomolecules that are composed of the nucleotides. They are the essential forms of life because they are the basic units of RNA and DNA. Further, nucleosides are the nitrogen bases linked to a sugar molecule. When the nucleoside’s primary alcohol group gets phosphorylated, then it results in the formation of nucleotides.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

The donors in the hydrogen bond are NH and NH₂ groups, while the acceptors are the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group, and nitrogen atom that is not bonded to a hydrogen atom.

Explanation of Solution

The hydrogen bonding between guanine (G) - cytosine (C), and adenine (A) − thymine (T) is shown below:

BIOCHEMISTRY, Chapter 1, Problem 1P

From the hydrogen bonding in the above figure, it can be seen that −NH₂ group of adenine forms bond with -CO group of thymine, and -NH group of thymine forms bond with the nitrogen atom of the adenine. Further, -NH and −NH₂ groups of guanine forms bond with cytosine, and −NH₂ forms bond with -CO group of guanines.

Hence, the donors in hydrogen bonding are -NH and −NH₂groups, while the acceptors are the oxygen atom of -CO groups, and nitrogen atom involved in the ring.

Conclusion

NH and NH₂ groups are the donors in the hydrogen bond, and oxygen atom of the carbonyl group, and nitrogen atom that is not bonded to a hydrogen atom are the acceptors.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The hydrogen bond donors and acceptors are to be determined in each of the four bases present in DNA.

Concept Introduction: Nucleic acids are the biomolecules that are composed of the nucleotides. They are the essential forms of life because they are the basic units of RNA and DNA. Further, nucleosides are the nitrogen bases linked to a sugar molecule. When the nucleoside’s primary alcohol group gets phosphorylated, then it results in the formation of nucleotides.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

The donors in the hydrogen bond are NH and NH₂ groups, while the acceptors are the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group, and nitrogen atom that is not bonded to a hydrogen atom.

Explanation of Solution

The hydrogen bonding between guanine (G) - cytosine (C), and adenine (A) − thymine (T) is shown below:

BIOCHEMISTRY, Chapter 1, Problem 1P

From the hydrogen bonding in the above figure, it can be seen that −NH₂ group of adenine forms bond with -CO group of thymine, and -NH group of thymine forms bond with the nitrogen atom of the adenine. Further, -NH and −NH₂ groups of guanine forms bond with cytosine, and −NH₂ forms bond with -CO group of guanines.

Hence, the donors in hydrogen bonding are -NH and −NH₂groups, while the acceptors are the oxygen atom of -CO groups, and nitrogen atom involved in the ring.

Conclusion

NH and NH₂ groups are the donors in the hydrogen bond, and oxygen atom of the carbonyl group, and nitrogen atom that is not bonded to a hydrogen atom are the acceptors.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The hydrogen bond donors and acceptors are to be determined in each of the four bases present in DNA.

Concept Introduction: Nucleic acids are the biomolecules that are composed of the nucleotides. They are the essential forms of life because they are the basic units of RNA and DNA. Further, nucleosides are the nitrogen bases linked to a sugar molecule. When the nucleoside’s primary alcohol group gets phosphorylated, then it results in the formation of nucleotides.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

The donors in the hydrogen bond are NH and NH₂ groups, while the acceptors are the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group, and nitrogen atom that is not bonded to a hydrogen atom.

Explanation of Solution

The hydrogen bonding between guanine (G) - cytosine (C), and adenine (A) − thymine (T) is shown below:

BIOCHEMISTRY, Chapter 1, Problem 1P

From the hydrogen bonding in the above figure, it can be seen that −NH₂ group of adenine forms bond with -CO group of thymine, and -NH group of thymine forms bond with the nitrogen atom of the adenine. Further, -NH and −NH₂ groups of guanine forms bond with cytosine, and −NH₂ forms bond with -CO group of guanines.

Hence, the donors in hydrogen bonding are -NH and −NH₂groups, while the acceptors are the oxygen atom of -CO groups, and nitrogen atom involved in the ring.

Conclusion

NH and NH₂ groups are the donors in the hydrogen bond, and oxygen atom of the carbonyl group, and nitrogen atom that is not bonded to a hydrogen atom are the acceptors.

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Answer 5

Chapter 1, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The hydrogen bond donors and acceptors are to be determined in each of the four bases present in DNA.

Concept Introduction: Nucleic acids are the biomolecules that are composed of the nucleotides. They are the essential forms of life because they are the basic units of RNA and DNA. Further, nucleosides are the nitrogen bases linked to a sugar molecule. When the nucleoside’s primary alcohol group gets phosphorylated, then it results in the formation of nucleotides.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

The donors in the hydrogen bond are NH and NH₂ groups, while the acceptors are the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group, and nitrogen atom that is not bonded to a hydrogen atom.

Explanation of Solution

The hydrogen bonding between guanine (G) - cytosine (C), and adenine (A) − thymine (T) is shown below:

BIOCHEMISTRY, Chapter 1, Problem 1P

From the hydrogen bonding in the above figure, it can be seen that −NH₂ group of adenine forms bond with -CO group of thymine, and -NH group of thymine forms bond with the nitrogen atom of the adenine. Further, -NH and −NH₂ groups of guanine forms bond with cytosine, and −NH₂ forms bond with -CO group of guanines.

Hence, the donors in hydrogen bonding are -NH and −NH₂groups, while the acceptors are the oxygen atom of -CO groups, and nitrogen atom involved in the ring.

Conclusion

NH and NH₂ groups are the donors in the hydrogen bond, and oxygen atom of the carbonyl group, and nitrogen atom that is not bonded to a hydrogen atom are the acceptors.

Answer 6

Chapter 1, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The hydrogen bond donors and acceptors are to be determined in each of the four bases present in DNA.

Concept Introduction: Nucleic acids are the biomolecules that are composed of the nucleotides. They are the essential forms of life because they are the basic units of RNA and DNA. Further, nucleosides are the nitrogen bases linked to a sugar molecule. When the nucleoside’s primary alcohol group gets phosphorylated, then it results in the formation of nucleotides.

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

The donors in the hydrogen bond are NH and NH₂ groups, while the acceptors are the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group, and nitrogen atom that is not bonded to a hydrogen atom.

Explanation of Solution

The hydrogen bonding between guanine (G) - cytosine (C), and adenine (A) − thymine (T) is shown below:

BIOCHEMISTRY, Chapter 1, Problem 1P

From the hydrogen bonding in the above figure, it can be seen that −NH₂ group of adenine forms bond with -CO group of thymine, and -NH group of thymine forms bond with the nitrogen atom of the adenine. Further, -NH and −NH₂ groups of guanine forms bond with cytosine, and −NH₂ forms bond with -CO group of guanines.

Hence, the donors in hydrogen bonding are -NH and −NH₂groups, while the acceptors are the oxygen atom of -CO groups, and nitrogen atom involved in the ring.

Conclusion

NH and NH₂ groups are the donors in the hydrogen bond, and oxygen atom of the carbonyl group, and nitrogen atom that is not bonded to a hydrogen atom are the acceptors.

Answer 7

Chapter 1, Problem 1P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The hydrogen bond donors and acceptors are to be determined in each of the four bases present in DNA.

Concept Introduction: Nucleic acids are the biomolecules that are composed of the nucleotides. They are the essential forms of life because they are the basic units of RNA and DNA. Further, nucleosides are the nitrogen bases linked to a sugar molecule. When the nucleoside’s primary alcohol group gets phosphorylated, then it results in the formation of nucleotides.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer to Problem 1P

The donors in the hydrogen bond are NH and NH₂ groups, while the acceptors are the oxygen atom of the carbonyl group, and nitrogen atom that is not bonded to a hydrogen atom.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Explanation of Solution

The hydrogen bonding between guanine (G) - cytosine (C), and adenine (A) − thymine (T) is shown below:

BIOCHEMISTRY, Chapter 1, Problem 1P

From the hydrogen bonding in the above figure, it can be seen that −NH₂ group of adenine forms bond with -CO group of thymine, and -NH group of thymine forms bond with the nitrogen atom of the adenine. Further, -NH and −NH₂ groups of guanine forms bond with cytosine, and −NH₂ forms bond with -CO group of guanines.

Hence, the donors in hydrogen bonding are -NH and −NH₂groups, while the acceptors are the oxygen atom of -CO groups, and nitrogen atom involved in the ring.

Answer 12

Conclusion

NH and NH₂ groups are the donors in the hydrogen bond, and oxygen atom of the carbonyl group, and nitrogen atom that is not bonded to a hydrogen atom are the acceptors.

Answer 13

Ch. 1 - Prob. 1P Ch. 1 - Prob. 2P Ch. 1 - Prob. 3P Ch. 1 - Prob. 4P Ch. 1 - Prob. 5P Ch. 1 - Prob. 6P Ch. 1 - Prob. 7P Ch. 1 - Prob. 8P Ch. 1 - Prob. 9P Ch. 1 - Prob. 10P

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