(a)
Interpretation:
The elements, selenium, oxygen and tellurium has to be arranged in the decreasing order ionization energy.
Concept Introduction:
First ionization energy: The ionization energy is the minimum energy required to remove the electron from an isolated atom which is in the gaseous state results to give gaseous ion with one positive charge.
Down the group, generally first ionization energies decreases whereas across the period, first ionization energies typically increases.
(b)
Interpretation:
The elements, gold, tantalum and osmium has to be arranged in the decreasing order ionization energy.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to (a).
(c)
Interpretation:
The elements, lead, barium and cesium has to be arranged in the decreasing order ionization energy.
Concept Introduction:
Refer to (a).
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CHEM PRINCIPLES LL W/ACHIEVE ONE-SEM
- Boron, atomic number 5, occurs naturally as two isotopes, 10B and 11B, with natural abundances of 19.9% and 80.1%, respectively.(a) In what ways do the two isotopes differ from each other? Does the electronic configuration of 10B differ from that of 11B? (b) Drawthe orbital diagram for an atom of 11B. Which electrons are the valence electrons? (c) Indicate three ways in which the 1s electrons inboron differ from its 2s electrons. (d) Elemental boron reacts with fluorine to form BF3, a gas. Write a balanced chemical equation forthe reaction of solid boron with fluorine gas. (e) ΔHf° for BF31g2 is -1135.6 kJ>mol. Calculate the standard enthalpy change in thereaction of boron with fluorine. (f) Will the mass percentage of F be the same in 10BF3 and 11BF3? If not, why is that the case?arrow_forward(a) Describe the trends of atomic size and ionization energy, respectively, in the Periodic Table: (1) from left to right across a period, and (ii) from top to bottom down a group. (b) Rank the following elements: Na, Mg, Al, and K, in increasing order of: (i) atomic size; (ii) ionization energy, and (iii) reactivity. (c) Rank the following elements: F, CI, Br and I, in increasing order of: (i) atomic size; (ii) electron affinity, (iii) electronegativity, and (iv) reactivity.arrow_forward(i) Write the equation that represents the first electron affinity of Selenium (Se). (ii) Do you expect this process to be exothermic or endothermic? Explain your answer.arrow_forward
- Question:Consider two elements, Element A and Element B, from the periodic table. Element A is located in Group 1 and Period 3, while Element B is located in Group 16 and Period 2. (a) Which element would have a larger atomic radius, Element A or Element B? Justify your answer. (b) Predict the ionization energy of Element A and Element B. Which element would have a higher ionization energy? Explain your reasoning. (c) Based on their positions in the periodic table, which element would be more likely to form a stable cation? Provide a brief explanation for your choice.arrow_forwardWhich of these isoelectronic ions, Ba2+, Cs*, or La3+, is (a) the largest? (b) the smallest? Explain your reasoning.arrow_forwardUsing only their location in the periodic table, rank the atoms in each set by decreasing atomic size. Explain your answers. (a) Mg, Be, Ba (b) Se, Br, Cl (c) Ca, Se, Gaarrow_forward
- Place the following elements in order of increasing covalent radius (i.e., from smallest to largest): Aluminum (Al) Boron (B) Fluorine (F) Helium (He) Potassium (K)arrow_forwardClassify each of the following elements as a main-group or transition element. Also,specify whether they are metals, metalloids, or nonmetals: Na, Re, S, I, Kr, Mg, U, Si, B, Al, As, H.arrow_forward18. (a) What did Ernest Rutherford observe during his experiments? (b) What did Niels Bohr observe during his experiments? (c) How did the work of each scientist contribute to the development of the planetary model of the atom? Explain your ideas in at least four (4) sentences.arrow_forward
- When a nonmetal oxide reacts with water, it forms an oxoacid with the same oxidation number as the nonmetal. Give the name and formula of the oxide used to prepare each of these oxoacids: (a) hypochlorous acid; (b) chlorous acid; (c) chloric acid; (d) perchloric acid; (e) sulfuric acid; (f ) sulfurous acid; (g) nitric acid; (h) nitrous acid; (i) carbonic acid; ( j) phosphoric acid.arrow_forwardArrange in order of increasing atomic size. (a) the period 3 elements Cl, Na, and Ar (b) the Group 2A elements Ca, Be, and Mgarrow_forwardElements can be classified into groups based on their electron configurations. The representative elements are those that have s and p orbitals. The transition elements are elements that fill the d orbitals (groups 3–11 on the periodic table), and the inner transition metals are elements that fill the f orbitals. (a) Like first member of other groups, boron also differs from rest of the members of its group. Give two (2) properties that were only own by boron, and not the other members of its group. (b) Give two (2) similar properties shared by the diagonal effect pair of lithium and magnesiumarrow_forward
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