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Figure Pl.5 shows the topology of a photo-voltaic (PV) system that uses solar cells to supply electrical power to a residence with hybrid electnc vehicle toads (Gurkavnak. 2009). The system consists of a PV array to collect the sun's rays, a battery pack to store energy during the day. a dc/ac inverter to supply ac power to the load, and a bidirectional dc/dc converter to control the terminal voltage of the solar array according to a maxunum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm. In case of sufficient solar power (solar insolation), the dc/dc converter charges die battery and die solar array supplies power to the load through the dc/ac inverter. Widi less or no solar energy (solar non-insolation). power is supplied from the battery to the load through the dc/dc converter and die dc/ac inverter. Thus, the dc/dc converter must be bidirectional to be able to charge and discharge the batlery. With the MPPT controller providing the reference voltage, the converter operates as a step-up converter (boost) to discharge the battery if the battery is full or a step-down (buck) converter, which charges die batlery if it is not full.7
In Figure Pl.5, the Inverter is controlled by die Power Manager and Controller through the Current Controller. The Power Manager and Controller directs the Inverter to take power either from the battery, via the Bidirectional Converter, or the solar array.
of charge (SOC). Draw the follow ing two functional block diagrams for this system:
- A diagram that illustrates the conversion of solar irradiation into energy stored in the battery. In that diagram, the input is the solar irradiance. r(t), and the output is the battery voltage. Vb(t).
- The main diagram, in w hich the input is the desired output voltage. Vr(t) and the output is the actual inverter output voltage, Vo(t) Both of these functional block diagrams should show their major components, including the PV array, MPPT controller, dc/dc converter, battery pack, dc/ac inverter, current controller, and the Power Manager and Controller. Show all signals, including intermediate voltages and currents, time of day. and the SOC of the battery.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
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Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305387102Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.Publisher:Cengage Learning