Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The experiments that yield the same average results are to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Precision is defined as the closeness of two measurements with each other. Accuracy refers to the closeness of the measured values to the standard or known value. Some errors also occur in the calculation of the measured quantities.
The two types of errors are as follows:
1. Systematic error: This error is a part of the experimental setup or faulty devices.
2. Random error: This error occurs always and is due to instruments’ precision.
Random errors can be decreased by taking the average of more measurements. If more measurements are taken, then the average of these values come out to be nearly close to the actual value and therefore the random error is decreased. The calibration of the instrument results in the increased accuracy of the measurements, but not necessarily precision.
(b)
Interpretation:
The experiment(s) that show high precision is to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Precision is defined as the closeness of two measurements with each other. Accuracy refers to the closeness of the measured values to the standard or known value. Some errors also occur in the calculation of the measured quantities.
The two types of errors are as follows:
1. Systematic error: This error is a part of the experimental setup or faulty devices.
2. Random error: This error occurs always and is due to instruments’ precision.
Random errors can be decreased by taking the average of more measurements. If more measurements are taken, then the average of these values come out to be nearly close to the actual value and therefore the random error is decreased. The calibration of the instrument results in the increased accuracy of the measurements, but not necessarily precision.
(c)
Interpretation:
The experiment(s) that show high accuracy is to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Precision is defined as the closeness of two measurements with each other. Accuracy refers to the closeness of the measured values to the standard or known value. Some errors also occur in the calculation of the measured quantities.
The two types of errors are as follows:
1. Systematic error: This error is a part of the experimental setup or faulty devices.
2. Random error: This error occurs always and is due to instruments’ precision.
Random errors can be decreased by taking the average of more measurements. If more measurements are taken, then the average of these values come out to be nearly close to the actual value and therefore the random error is decreased. The calibration of the instrument results in the increased accuracy of the measurements, but not necessarily precision.
(d)
Interpretation:
The experiment(s) that show systematic error is to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Precision is defined as the closeness of two measurements with each other. Accuracy refers to the closeness of the measured values to the standard or known value. Some errors also occur in the calculation of the measured quantities.
The two types of errors are as follows:
1. Systematic error: This error is a part of the experimental setup or faulty devices.
2. Random error: This error occurs always and is due to instruments’ precision.
Random errors can be decreased by taking the average of more measurements. If more measurements are taken, then the average of these values come out to be nearly close to the actual value and therefore the random error is decreased and therefore have high accuracy. The calibration of the instrument results in the increased accuracy of the measurements, but not necessarily precision.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 1 Solutions
CHEMISTRY: MOLECULAR...(LLF) W/CONNECT
- Show work with explanation needed. Don't give Ai generated solutionarrow_forward7. Calculate the following for a 1.50 M Ca(OH)2 solution. a. The concentration of hydroxide, [OH-] b. The concentration of hydronium, [H3O+] c. The pOH d. The pHarrow_forwardA first order reaction is 46.0% complete at the end of 59.0 minutes. What is the value of k? What is the half-life for this reaction? HOW DO WE GET THERE? The integrated rate law will be used to determine the value of k. In [A] [A]。 = = -kt What is the value of [A] [A]。 when the reaction is 46.0% complete?arrow_forward
- 3. Provide the missing compounds or reagents. 1. H,NNH КОН 4 EN MN. 1. HBUCK = 8 хно Panely prowseful kanti-chuprccant fad, winddively, can lead to the crading of deduc din-willed, tica, The that chemooices in redimi Грин. " like (for alongan Ridovi MN نيا . 2. Cl -BuO 1. NUH 2.A A -BuOK THE CF,00,H Ex 5)arrow_forward2. Write a complete mechanism for the reaction shown below. NaOCH LOCH₁ O₂N NO2 CH₂OH, 20 °C O₂N NO2arrow_forward4. Propose a synthesis of the target molecules from the respective starting materials. a) b) LUCH C Br OHarrow_forward
- The following mechanism for the gas phase reaction of H2 and ICI that is consistent with the observed rate law is: step 1 step 2 slow: H2(g) +ICI(g) → HCl(g) + HI(g) fast: ICI(g) + HI(g) → HCl(g) + |2(g) (1) What is the equation for the overall reaction? Use the smallest integer coefficients possible. If a box is not needed, leave it blank. + → + (2) Which species acts as a catalyst? Enter formula. If none, leave box blank: (3) Which species acts as a reaction intermediate? Enter formula. If none, leave box blank: (4) Complete the rate law for the overall reaction that is consistent with this mechanism. (Use the form k[A][B]"..., where '1' is understood (so don't write it) for m, n etc.) Rate =arrow_forwardPlease correct answer and don't use hand rating and don't use Ai solutionarrow_forward1. For each of the following statements, indicate whether they are true of false. ⚫ the terms primary, secondary and tertiary have different meanings when applied to amines than they do when applied to alcohols. • a tertiary amine is one that is bonded to a tertiary carbon atom (one with three C atoms bonded to it). • simple five-membered heteroaromatic compounds (e.g. pyrrole) are typically more electron rich than benzene. ⚫ simple six-membered heteroaromatic compounds (e.g. pyridine) are typically more electron rich than benzene. • pyrrole is very weakly basic because protonation anywhere on the ring disrupts the aromaticity. • thiophene is more reactive than benzene toward electrophilic aromatic substitution. • pyridine is more reactive than nitrobenzene toward electrophilic aromatic substitution. • the lone pair on the nitrogen atom of pyridine is part of the pi system.arrow_forward
- The following reactions are NOT ordered in the way in which they occur. Reaction 1 PhO-OPh Reaction 2 Ph-O -CH₂ heat 2 *OPh Pho -CH2 Reaction 3 Ph-O ⚫OPh + -CH₂ Reaction 4 Pho Pho + H₂C OPh + CHOPh H₂C -CH₂ Reactions 1 and 3 Reaction 2 O Reaction 3 ○ Reactions 3 and 4 ○ Reactions 1 and 2 Reaction 4 ○ Reaction 1arrow_forwardSelect all possible products from the following reaction: NaOH H₂O a) b) ОН HO O HO HO e) ОН f) O HO g) h) + OHarrow_forward3. Draw diagrams to represent the conjugation in these molecules. Draw two types of diagram: a. Show curly arrows linking at least two different ways of representing the molecule b. Indicate with dotted lines and partial charges (where necessary) the partial double bond (and charge) distribution H₂N* H₂N -NH2arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistryChemistryISBN:9781259911156Author:Raymond Chang Dr., Jason Overby ProfessorPublisher:McGraw-Hill EducationPrinciples of Instrumental AnalysisChemistryISBN:9781305577213Author:Douglas A. Skoog, F. James Holler, Stanley R. CrouchPublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9780078021558Author:Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.Publisher:McGraw-Hill EducationChemistry: Principles and ReactionsChemistryISBN:9781305079373Author:William L. Masterton, Cecile N. HurleyPublisher:Cengage LearningElementary Principles of Chemical Processes, Bind...ChemistryISBN:9781118431221Author:Richard M. Felder, Ronald W. Rousseau, Lisa G. BullardPublisher:WILEY