Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown. Concept introduction: Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei. Carbonyl group: A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom ( C = O ) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group.

Question

b) Certain cyclic compounds are known to be conformationally similar to carbohydrates, although they are not themselves carbohydrates. One example is Compound C shown below, which could be imagined as adopting four possible conformations. In reality, however, only one of these is particularly stable. Circle the conformation you expect to be the most stable, and provide an explanation to justify your choice. For your explanation to be both convincing and correct, it must contain not only words, but also "cartoon" orbital drawings contrasting the four structures. Compound C Possible conformations (circle one): Дет

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.41P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Carbonyl group:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Carboxylic acid:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group.

If the carbonyl carbon is attached with hydroxyl group is called as carboxylic acid.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Hydroxyl group:

Alcohol:

The compound contains hydroxyl (OH) group, which is bonded with tetrahedral carbon atom is called as an alcohol.

Example is given below

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Ester group:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group. If the carbonyl carbon is attached with hydroxyl group is called as carboxylic acid. Hydrogen atom is replaced with carbon atom in carboxylic acid is called as ester.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Amide:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group.

If the carbonyl carbon is attached with nitrogen is called as amide.

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b) Certain cyclic compounds are known to be conformationally similar to carbohydrates, although they are not themselves carbohydrates. One example is Compound C shown below, which could be imagined as adopting four possible conformations. In reality, however, only one of these is particularly stable. Circle the conformation you expect to be the most stable, and provide an explanation to justify your choice. For your explanation to be both convincing and correct, it must contain not only words, but also "cartoon" orbital drawings contrasting the four structures. Compound C Possible conformations (circle one): Дет

Lab Data The distance entered is out of the expected range. Check your calculations and conversion factors. Verify your distance. Will the gas cloud be closer to the cotton ball with HCI or NH3? Did you report your data to the correct number of significant figures? - X Experimental Set-up HCI-NH3 NH3-HCI Longer Tube Time elapsed (min) 5 (exact) 5 (exact) Distance between cotton balls (cm) 24.30 24.40 Distance to cloud (cm) 9.70 14.16 Distance traveled by HCI (cm) 9.70 9.80 Distance traveled by NH3 (cm) 14.60 14.50 Diffusion rate of HCI (cm/hr) 116 118 Diffusion rate of NH3 (cm/hr) 175.2 175.2 How to measure distance and calculate rate

For the titration of a divalent metal ion (M2+) with EDTA, the stoichiometry of the reaction is typically: 1:1 (one mole of EDTA per mole of metal ion) 2:1 (two moles of EDTA per mole of metal ion) 1:2 (one mole of EDTA per two moles of metal ion) None of the above

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.41P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Carbonyl group:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Carboxylic acid:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group.

If the carbonyl carbon is attached with hydroxyl group is called as carboxylic acid.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Hydroxyl group:

Alcohol:

The compound contains hydroxyl (OH) group, which is bonded with tetrahedral carbon atom is called as an alcohol.

Example is given below

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Ester group:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group. If the carbonyl carbon is attached with hydroxyl group is called as carboxylic acid. Hydrogen atom is replaced with carbon atom in carboxylic acid is called as ester.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Amide:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group.

If the carbonyl carbon is attached with nitrogen is called as amide.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.41P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Carbonyl group:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Carboxylic acid:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group.

If the carbonyl carbon is attached with hydroxyl group is called as carboxylic acid.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Hydroxyl group:

Alcohol:

The compound contains hydroxyl (OH) group, which is bonded with tetrahedral carbon atom is called as an alcohol.

Example is given below

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Ester group:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group. If the carbonyl carbon is attached with hydroxyl group is called as carboxylic acid. Hydrogen atom is replaced with carbon atom in carboxylic acid is called as ester.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Amide:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group.

If the carbonyl carbon is attached with nitrogen is called as amide.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.41P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Carbonyl group:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Carboxylic acid:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group.

If the carbonyl carbon is attached with hydroxyl group is called as carboxylic acid.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Hydroxyl group:

Alcohol:

The compound contains hydroxyl (OH) group, which is bonded with tetrahedral carbon atom is called as an alcohol.

Example is given below

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Ester group:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group. If the carbonyl carbon is attached with hydroxyl group is called as carboxylic acid. Hydrogen atom is replaced with carbon atom in carboxylic acid is called as ester.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Amide:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group.

If the carbonyl carbon is attached with nitrogen is called as amide.

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Answer 5

Chapter 1, Problem 1.41P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Carbonyl group:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Carboxylic acid:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group.

If the carbonyl carbon is attached with hydroxyl group is called as carboxylic acid.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Hydroxyl group:

Alcohol:

The compound contains hydroxyl (OH) group, which is bonded with tetrahedral carbon atom is called as an alcohol.

Example is given below

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Ester group:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group. If the carbonyl carbon is attached with hydroxyl group is called as carboxylic acid. Hydrogen atom is replaced with carbon atom in carboxylic acid is called as ester.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Amide:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group.

If the carbonyl carbon is attached with nitrogen is called as amide.

Answer 6

Chapter 1, Problem 1.41P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Carbonyl group:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group.

Answer 7

Chapter 1, Problem 1.41P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Carbonyl group:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Carboxylic acid:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group.

If the carbonyl carbon is attached with hydroxyl group is called as carboxylic acid.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Carboxylic acid:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group.

If the carbonyl carbon is attached with hydroxyl group is called as carboxylic acid.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Hydroxyl group:

Alcohol:

The compound contains hydroxyl (OH) group, which is bonded with tetrahedral carbon atom is called as an alcohol.

Example is given below

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Hydroxyl group:

Alcohol:

The compound contains hydroxyl (OH) group, which is bonded with tetrahedral carbon atom is called as an alcohol.

Example is given below

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Ester group:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group. If the carbonyl carbon is attached with hydroxyl group is called as carboxylic acid. Hydrogen atom is replaced with carbon atom in carboxylic acid is called as ester.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Ester group:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group. If the carbonyl carbon is attached with hydroxyl group is called as carboxylic acid. Hydrogen atom is replaced with carbon atom in carboxylic acid is called as ester.

Answer 14

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Amide:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group.

If the carbonyl carbon is attached with nitrogen is called as amide.

Answer 15

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons have to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Lewis structure: The Lewis structure is based on the concept of the octet rule so that the electrons shared in each atom should have 8 electrons in its outer shell. Sometimes the chemical bonding of a molecule cannot be represented using a single Lewis structure. In these cases, the chemical bonding are described by delocalization of electrons and is known as resonance. All the possible resonance structures are imaginary whereas the resonance hybrid is real. These structures will differ only in the arrangement of the electrons not in the relative position of the atomic nuclei.

Amide:

A carbon atom is double-bonded to an oxygen atom (C=O) is called as carbonyl group which is one of the functional group.

If the carbonyl carbon is attached with nitrogen is called as amide.

Answer 16

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Answer 17

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Answer 18

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Answer 19

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Answer 20

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Answer 21

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Answer 22

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Answer 27

Ch. 1.1 - Prob. 1.1P Ch. 1.2 - Prob. 1.2P Ch. 1.2 - Judging from their relative positions in the...Ch. 1.2 - Classify each bond as nonpolar covalent or polar...Ch. 1.2 - Using the symbols and +, indicate the direction...Ch. 1.2 - Draw Lewis structures showing all valence...Ch. 1.2 - Draw Lewis structures for these ions and show...Ch. 1.3 - Draw Lewis structures and condensed structural...Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 1.9P Ch. 1.3 - Prob. 1.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that Lewis structures have to be drawn for the functional group and valence electrons.

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Chapter 1 Solutions