
Concept explainers
Assign formal charges to each
a. b.
c.
d.

(a)
Interpretation: The formal charge to each
Concept introduction:
The formal charge on an atom is calculated by the formula,
Answer to Problem 1.40P
In the given molecule, the formal charge on nitrogen atom is
Explanation of Solution
The given molecule is,
Figure 1
The formal charge on an atom is calculated by the formula,
For the nitrogen atom,
Substitute these values in above equation to calculate the formal charge on nitrogen atom.
Thus, in the given molecule, the formal charge on nitrogen atom is
Figure 2
In the given molecule, the formal charge on nitrogen atom is

(b)
Interpretation: The formal charge to each
Concept introduction: The formal charge on an atom is calculated by the formula,
Answer to Problem 1.40P
The formal charge to each
Explanation of Solution
The given molecule is,
Figure 3
Here, a, b, and c are used to indicate nitrogen atoms.
The formal charge on an atom is calculated by the formula,
For the nitrogen atom,
Substitute these values in the above equation to calculate the formal charge on
In the given molecule, bond pairs and lone pairs in
Thus, the formal charge on
For the nitrogen atom,
Substitute these values in the above equation to calculate the formal charge on
Thus, the formal charge on
Hence, the formal charge to each
Figure 4
In the given molecule, the formal charge on nitrogen atom of both

(c)
Interpretation: The formal charge to each
Concept introduction: The formal charge on an atom is calculated by the formula,
Answer to Problem 1.40P
In the given molecule, the formal charge on oxygen atom is
Explanation of Solution
The given species is,
Figure 5
The formal charge on an atom is calculated by the formula,
For the oxygen atom,
Substitute these values in above equation, to calculate the formal charge on oxygen atom.
Thus, in the given molecule, the formal charge on oxygen atom is
Figure 6
In the given molecule, the formal charge on oxygen atom is

(d)
Interpretation: The formal charge to each
Concept introduction: The formal charge on an atom is calculated by the formula,
Answer to Problem 1.40P
In the given molecule, the formal charge on both nitrogen and oxygen atom is zero as shown below.
Explanation of Solution
The given species is,
Figure 7
The formal charge on an atom is calculated by the formula,
For the oxygen atom,
Substitute these values in above equation, to calculate the formal charge on oxygen atom.
For the nitrogen atom,
Substitute these values in above equation, to calculate the formal charge on nitrogen atom.
Thus, in the given molecule, the formal charge on both nitrogen and oxygen is zero as shown below.
Figure 8
In the given molecule, the formal charge on both nitrogen and oxygen is zero.
Want to see more full solutions like this?
Chapter 1 Solutions
PKG ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Additional Science Textbook Solutions
Biology: Life on Earth with Physiology (11th Edition)
Physical Universe
Genetics: From Genes to Genomes
General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry - 4th edition
Organic Chemistry
The Cosmic Perspective (8th Edition)
- Epoxides can be opened in aqueous acid or aqueous base to produce diols (molecules with two OH groups). In this question, you'll explore the mechanism of epoxide opening in aqueous acid. 2nd attempt Be sure to show all four bonds at stereocenters using hash and wedge lines. 0 0 Draw curved arrows to show how the epoxide reacts with hydronium ion. 100 +1: 1st attempt Feedback Be sure to show all four bonds at stereocenters using hash and wedge lines. See Periodic Table See Hint H A 5 F F Hr See Periodic Table See Hintarrow_forward03 Question (1 point) For the reaction below, draw both of the major organic products. Be sure to consider stereochemistry. > 1. CH₂CH₂MgBr 2. H₂O 3rd attempt Draw all four bonds at chiral centers. Draw all stereoisomers formed. Draw the structures here. e 130 AN H See Periodic Table See Hint P C Brarrow_forwardYou may wish to address the following issues in your response if they are pertinent to the reaction(s) you propose to employ:1) Chemoselectivity (why this functional group and not another?) 2) Regioselectivity (why here and not there?) 3) Stereoselectivity (why this stereoisomer?) 4) Changes in oxidation state. Please make it in detail and draw it out too in what step what happens. Thank you for helping me!arrow_forward
- 1) Chemoselectivity (why this functional group and not another?) 2) Regioselectivity (why here and not there?) 3) Stereoselectivity (why this stereoisomer?) 4) Changes in oxidation state. Everything in detail and draw out and write it.arrow_forwardCalculating the pH at equivalence of a titration 3/5 Izabella A chemist titrates 120.0 mL of a 0.7191M dimethylamine ((CH3)2NH) solution with 0.5501 M HBr solution at 25 °C. Calculate the pH at equivalence. The pk of dimethylamine is 3.27. Round your answer to 2 decimal places. Note for advanced students: you may assume the total volume of the solution equals the initial volume plus the volume of HBr solution added. pH = ☐ ✓ 18 Ar Boarrow_forwardAlcohols can be synthesized using an acid-catalyzed hydration of an alkene. An alkene is combined with aqueous acid (e.. sulfuric acid in water). The reaction mechanism typically involves a carbocation intermediate. > 3rd attempt 3343 10 8 Draw arrows to show the reaction between the alkene and hydronium ion. that 2nd attempt Feedback 1st attempt تعمال Ju See Periodic Table See Hint F D Ju See Periodic Table See Hintarrow_forward
- Draw the simplified curved arrow mechanism for the reaction of acetone and CHgLi to give the major product. 4th attempt Π Draw the simplified curved arrow mechanism T 3rd attempt Feedback Ju See Periodic Table See Hint H -H H -I H F See Periodic Table See Hintarrow_forwardSelect the correct reagent to accomplish the first step of this reaction. Then draw a mechanism on the Grignard reagent using curved arrow notation to show how it is converted to the final product. 4th attempt Part 1 (0.5 point) Select the correct reagent to accomplish the first step of this reaction. Choose one: OA Mg in ethanol (EtOH) OB. 2 Li in THF O C. Li in THF D. Mg in THF O E Mg in H2O Part 2 (0.5 point) Br Part 1 Bri Mg CH B CH, 1 Draw intermediate here, but no arrows. © TE See Periodic Table See Hint See Hint ין Harrow_forwardSelect the product for the following reaction. HO HO PCC OH ○ OH O HO ○ HO HO HOarrow_forward
- 5:45 Х Select the final product for the following reaction sequence. O O 1. Mg. ether 2.D.Oarrow_forwardBased on the chart Two similarities between the molecule with alpha glycosidic linkages. Two similarities between the molecules with beta glycosidtic linkages. Two differences between the alpha and beta glycosidic linkages.arrow_forwardplease help fill in the tablearrow_forward
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningIntroductory Chemistry: A FoundationChemistryISBN:9781337399425Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage Learning
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage LearningLiving By Chemistry: First Edition TextbookChemistryISBN:9781559539418Author:Angelica StacyPublisher:MAC HIGHER




