While the most common isotope of nitrogen has a mass number of 14 (nitrogen- 14 ), a radioactive isotope of nitrogen has a mass number of 13 (nitrogen- 13 ). Nitrogen- 13 is used in PET (positron emission tomography) scans by physicians to monitor brain activity and diagnose dementia. For each isotope, give the following information: (a) the number of protons; (b) the number of neutrons; (c) the number of electrons in the neutral atom; (d) the group number; and (e) the number of valence electrons.

Question

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Answer 1

Textbook Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.1P

While the most common isotope of nitrogen has a mass number of 14 (nitrogen- 14 ), a radioactive isotope of nitrogen has a mass number of 13 (nitrogen- 13 ). Nitrogen- 13 is used in PET (positron emission tomography) scans by physicians to monitor brain activity and diagnose dementia. For each isotope, give the following information: (a) the number of protons; (b) the number of neutrons; (c) the number of electrons in the neutral atom; (d) the group number; and (e) the number of valence electrons.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The number of protons in nitrogen-13 and nitrogen-14 is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7. The number of protons in nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Hence, the number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7 and nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Conclusion

The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7.The number of protons in nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The number of protons in nitrogen-13 and nitrogen-14 is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of neutrons in nitrogen-13 is 6 and the number of neutrons is nitrogen-14 is 7.

Explanation of Solution

Number of neutrons is calculated by the formula,

Mass number=Number of protons+Number of neutrons

The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7.

Substitute the value of number of protons in nitrogen-13 and mass number in the above formula. .

13=7+ Number of neutronsNumber of neutrons=13−7=6

Hence, the number of neutrons is nitrogen-13 is 6.

The number of protons in nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Substitute the value of number of protons and mass number in the above formula.

14=7+ Number of neutronsNumber of neutrons=14−7=7

Hence, the number of neutrons is nitrogen-14 is 7.

Conclusion

The number of neutrons in nitrogen-13 is 6 and the number of neutrons is nitrogen-14 is 7.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The number of electrons in the neutral atom is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of electrons in the neutral atom is 7.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of nitrogen is 7. The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7 and nitrogen-14 isotope is 7. Number of protons is equal to number of electrons in neutral atom. Hence, the number of electrons in the neutral atom is 7.

Conclusion

The number of electrons in neutral atom is 7.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The group number of Nitrogen atom is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The group number of Nitrogen atom is 5A.

Explanation of Solution

In the periodic table of elements, each column is identified by a group number, Arabic 1 to 8 or Roman (I toVIII) numeral followed by the letter A or B. The group number of nitrogen atom is 5A.

Conclusion

The group number of Nitrogen atom is 5A.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: The number of valence electrons in the isotopes of Nitrogen is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of valence electrons in Nitrogen atom is 5.

Explanation of Solution

The outermost electrons in an atom are called valence electrons. The valence electrons are more loosely held than the electrons which are closer to the nucleus, and they participate in chemical reactions. The group number of second-row elements indicates its number of valence electrons. The group number of Nitrogen atom is 5A. Hence, the number of valence electrons is 5.

Conclusion

The number of valence electrons in Nitrogen atom is 5.

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Answer 2

Textbook Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.1P

While the most common isotope of nitrogen has a mass number of 14 (nitrogen- 14 ), a radioactive isotope of nitrogen has a mass number of 13 (nitrogen- 13 ). Nitrogen- 13 is used in PET (positron emission tomography) scans by physicians to monitor brain activity and diagnose dementia. For each isotope, give the following information: (a) the number of protons; (b) the number of neutrons; (c) the number of electrons in the neutral atom; (d) the group number; and (e) the number of valence electrons.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The number of protons in nitrogen-13 and nitrogen-14 is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7. The number of protons in nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Hence, the number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7 and nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Conclusion

The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7.The number of protons in nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The number of protons in nitrogen-13 and nitrogen-14 is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of neutrons in nitrogen-13 is 6 and the number of neutrons is nitrogen-14 is 7.

Explanation of Solution

Number of neutrons is calculated by the formula,

Mass number=Number of protons+Number of neutrons

The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7.

Substitute the value of number of protons in nitrogen-13 and mass number in the above formula. .

13=7+ Number of neutronsNumber of neutrons=13−7=6

Hence, the number of neutrons is nitrogen-13 is 6.

The number of protons in nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Substitute the value of number of protons and mass number in the above formula.

14=7+ Number of neutronsNumber of neutrons=14−7=7

Hence, the number of neutrons is nitrogen-14 is 7.

Conclusion

The number of neutrons in nitrogen-13 is 6 and the number of neutrons is nitrogen-14 is 7.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The number of electrons in the neutral atom is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of electrons in the neutral atom is 7.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of nitrogen is 7. The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7 and nitrogen-14 isotope is 7. Number of protons is equal to number of electrons in neutral atom. Hence, the number of electrons in the neutral atom is 7.

Conclusion

The number of electrons in neutral atom is 7.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The group number of Nitrogen atom is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The group number of Nitrogen atom is 5A.

Explanation of Solution

In the periodic table of elements, each column is identified by a group number, Arabic 1 to 8 or Roman (I toVIII) numeral followed by the letter A or B. The group number of nitrogen atom is 5A.

Conclusion

The group number of Nitrogen atom is 5A.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: The number of valence electrons in the isotopes of Nitrogen is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of valence electrons in Nitrogen atom is 5.

Explanation of Solution

The outermost electrons in an atom are called valence electrons. The valence electrons are more loosely held than the electrons which are closer to the nucleus, and they participate in chemical reactions. The group number of second-row elements indicates its number of valence electrons. The group number of Nitrogen atom is 5A. Hence, the number of valence electrons is 5.

Conclusion

The number of valence electrons in Nitrogen atom is 5.

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Answer 3

Textbook Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.1P

While the most common isotope of nitrogen has a mass number of 14 (nitrogen- 14 ), a radioactive isotope of nitrogen has a mass number of 13 (nitrogen- 13 ). Nitrogen- 13 is used in PET (positron emission tomography) scans by physicians to monitor brain activity and diagnose dementia. For each isotope, give the following information: (a) the number of protons; (b) the number of neutrons; (c) the number of electrons in the neutral atom; (d) the group number; and (e) the number of valence electrons.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The number of protons in nitrogen-13 and nitrogen-14 is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7. The number of protons in nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Hence, the number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7 and nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Conclusion

The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7.The number of protons in nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The number of protons in nitrogen-13 and nitrogen-14 is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of neutrons in nitrogen-13 is 6 and the number of neutrons is nitrogen-14 is 7.

Explanation of Solution

Number of neutrons is calculated by the formula,

Mass number=Number of protons+Number of neutrons

The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7.

Substitute the value of number of protons in nitrogen-13 and mass number in the above formula. .

13=7+ Number of neutronsNumber of neutrons=13−7=6

Hence, the number of neutrons is nitrogen-13 is 6.

The number of protons in nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Substitute the value of number of protons and mass number in the above formula.

14=7+ Number of neutronsNumber of neutrons=14−7=7

Hence, the number of neutrons is nitrogen-14 is 7.

Conclusion

The number of neutrons in nitrogen-13 is 6 and the number of neutrons is nitrogen-14 is 7.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The number of electrons in the neutral atom is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of electrons in the neutral atom is 7.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of nitrogen is 7. The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7 and nitrogen-14 isotope is 7. Number of protons is equal to number of electrons in neutral atom. Hence, the number of electrons in the neutral atom is 7.

Conclusion

The number of electrons in neutral atom is 7.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The group number of Nitrogen atom is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The group number of Nitrogen atom is 5A.

Explanation of Solution

In the periodic table of elements, each column is identified by a group number, Arabic 1 to 8 or Roman (I toVIII) numeral followed by the letter A or B. The group number of nitrogen atom is 5A.

Conclusion

The group number of Nitrogen atom is 5A.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: The number of valence electrons in the isotopes of Nitrogen is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of valence electrons in Nitrogen atom is 5.

Explanation of Solution

The outermost electrons in an atom are called valence electrons. The valence electrons are more loosely held than the electrons which are closer to the nucleus, and they participate in chemical reactions. The group number of second-row elements indicates its number of valence electrons. The group number of Nitrogen atom is 5A. Hence, the number of valence electrons is 5.

Conclusion

The number of valence electrons in Nitrogen atom is 5.

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Answer 4

Textbook Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.1P

While the most common isotope of nitrogen has a mass number of 14 (nitrogen- 14 ), a radioactive isotope of nitrogen has a mass number of 13 (nitrogen- 13 ). Nitrogen- 13 is used in PET (positron emission tomography) scans by physicians to monitor brain activity and diagnose dementia. For each isotope, give the following information: (a) the number of protons; (b) the number of neutrons; (c) the number of electrons in the neutral atom; (d) the group number; and (e) the number of valence electrons.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The number of protons in nitrogen-13 and nitrogen-14 is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7. The number of protons in nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Hence, the number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7 and nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Conclusion

The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7.The number of protons in nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The number of protons in nitrogen-13 and nitrogen-14 is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of neutrons in nitrogen-13 is 6 and the number of neutrons is nitrogen-14 is 7.

Explanation of Solution

Number of neutrons is calculated by the formula,

Mass number=Number of protons+Number of neutrons

The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7.

Substitute the value of number of protons in nitrogen-13 and mass number in the above formula. .

13=7+ Number of neutronsNumber of neutrons=13−7=6

Hence, the number of neutrons is nitrogen-13 is 6.

The number of protons in nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Substitute the value of number of protons and mass number in the above formula.

14=7+ Number of neutronsNumber of neutrons=14−7=7

Hence, the number of neutrons is nitrogen-14 is 7.

Conclusion

The number of neutrons in nitrogen-13 is 6 and the number of neutrons is nitrogen-14 is 7.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The number of electrons in the neutral atom is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of electrons in the neutral atom is 7.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of nitrogen is 7. The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7 and nitrogen-14 isotope is 7. Number of protons is equal to number of electrons in neutral atom. Hence, the number of electrons in the neutral atom is 7.

Conclusion

The number of electrons in neutral atom is 7.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The group number of Nitrogen atom is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The group number of Nitrogen atom is 5A.

Explanation of Solution

In the periodic table of elements, each column is identified by a group number, Arabic 1 to 8 or Roman (I toVIII) numeral followed by the letter A or B. The group number of nitrogen atom is 5A.

Conclusion

The group number of Nitrogen atom is 5A.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: The number of valence electrons in the isotopes of Nitrogen is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of valence electrons in Nitrogen atom is 5.

Explanation of Solution

The outermost electrons in an atom are called valence electrons. The valence electrons are more loosely held than the electrons which are closer to the nucleus, and they participate in chemical reactions. The group number of second-row elements indicates its number of valence electrons. The group number of Nitrogen atom is 5A. Hence, the number of valence electrons is 5.

Conclusion

The number of valence electrons in Nitrogen atom is 5.

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Answer 5

Textbook Question

Answer 6

Textbook Question

Answer 7

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The number of protons in nitrogen-13 and nitrogen-14 is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7. The number of protons in nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Hence, the number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7 and nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Conclusion

The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7.The number of protons in nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The number of protons in nitrogen-13 and nitrogen-14 is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of neutrons in nitrogen-13 is 6 and the number of neutrons is nitrogen-14 is 7.

Explanation of Solution

Number of neutrons is calculated by the formula,

Mass number=Number of protons+Number of neutrons

The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7.

Substitute the value of number of protons in nitrogen-13 and mass number in the above formula. .

13=7+ Number of neutronsNumber of neutrons=13−7=6

Hence, the number of neutrons is nitrogen-13 is 6.

The number of protons in nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Substitute the value of number of protons and mass number in the above formula.

14=7+ Number of neutronsNumber of neutrons=14−7=7

Hence, the number of neutrons is nitrogen-14 is 7.

Conclusion

The number of neutrons in nitrogen-13 is 6 and the number of neutrons is nitrogen-14 is 7.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The number of electrons in the neutral atom is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of electrons in the neutral atom is 7.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of nitrogen is 7. The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7 and nitrogen-14 isotope is 7. Number of protons is equal to number of electrons in neutral atom. Hence, the number of electrons in the neutral atom is 7.

Conclusion

The number of electrons in neutral atom is 7.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The group number of Nitrogen atom is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The group number of Nitrogen atom is 5A.

Explanation of Solution

In the periodic table of elements, each column is identified by a group number, Arabic 1 to 8 or Roman (I toVIII) numeral followed by the letter A or B. The group number of nitrogen atom is 5A.

Conclusion

The group number of Nitrogen atom is 5A.

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: The number of valence electrons in the isotopes of Nitrogen is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of valence electrons in Nitrogen atom is 5.

Explanation of Solution

The outermost electrons in an atom are called valence electrons. The valence electrons are more loosely held than the electrons which are closer to the nucleus, and they participate in chemical reactions. The group number of second-row elements indicates its number of valence electrons. The group number of Nitrogen atom is 5A. Hence, the number of valence electrons is 5.

Conclusion

The number of valence electrons in Nitrogen atom is 5.

Answer 8

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The number of protons in nitrogen-13 and nitrogen-14 is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7. The number of protons in nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Hence, the number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7 and nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Conclusion

The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7.The number of protons in nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Answer 9

Expert Solution

Answer 10

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation: The number of protons in nitrogen-13 and nitrogen-14 is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer 13

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7. The number of protons in nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Answer 14

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of nitrogen is 7. Hence, the number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7 and nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Answer 15

Conclusion

The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7.The number of protons in nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Answer 16

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The number of protons in nitrogen-13 and nitrogen-14 is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of neutrons in nitrogen-13 is 6 and the number of neutrons is nitrogen-14 is 7.

Explanation of Solution

Number of neutrons is calculated by the formula,

Mass number=Number of protons+Number of neutrons

The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7.

Substitute the value of number of protons in nitrogen-13 and mass number in the above formula. .

13=7+ Number of neutronsNumber of neutrons=13−7=6

Hence, the number of neutrons is nitrogen-13 is 6.

The number of protons in nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Substitute the value of number of protons and mass number in the above formula.

14=7+ Number of neutronsNumber of neutrons=14−7=7

Hence, the number of neutrons is nitrogen-14 is 7.

Conclusion

The number of neutrons in nitrogen-13 is 6 and the number of neutrons is nitrogen-14 is 7.

Answer 17

Expert Solution

Answer 18

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Expert Solution

Answer 20

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation: The number of protons in nitrogen-13 and nitrogen-14 is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer 21

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of neutrons in nitrogen-13 is 6 and the number of neutrons is nitrogen-14 is 7.

Answer 22

Explanation of Solution

Number of neutrons is calculated by the formula,

Mass number=Number of protons+Number of neutrons

The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7.

Substitute the value of number of protons in nitrogen-13 and mass number in the above formula. .

13=7+ Number of neutronsNumber of neutrons=13−7=6

Hence, the number of neutrons is nitrogen-13 is 6.

The number of protons in nitrogen-14 isotope is 7.

Substitute the value of number of protons and mass number in the above formula.

14=7+ Number of neutronsNumber of neutrons=14−7=7

Hence, the number of neutrons is nitrogen-14 is 7.

Answer 23

Conclusion

The number of neutrons in nitrogen-13 is 6 and the number of neutrons is nitrogen-14 is 7.

Answer 24

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The number of electrons in the neutral atom is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of electrons in the neutral atom is 7.

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of nitrogen is 7. The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7 and nitrogen-14 isotope is 7. Number of protons is equal to number of electrons in neutral atom. Hence, the number of electrons in the neutral atom is 7.

Conclusion

The number of electrons in neutral atom is 7.

Answer 25

Expert Solution

Answer 26

Expert Solution

Answer 27

Expert Solution

Answer 28

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation: The number of electrons in the neutral atom is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer 29

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of electrons in the neutral atom is 7.

Answer 30

Explanation of Solution

Atomic number of nitrogen is 7. The number of protons in nitrogen-13 isotope is 7 and nitrogen-14 isotope is 7. Number of protons is equal to number of electrons in neutral atom. Hence, the number of electrons in the neutral atom is 7.

Answer 31

Conclusion

The number of electrons in neutral atom is 7.

Answer 32

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The group number of Nitrogen atom is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The group number of Nitrogen atom is 5A.

Explanation of Solution

In the periodic table of elements, each column is identified by a group number, Arabic 1 to 8 or Roman (I toVIII) numeral followed by the letter A or B. The group number of nitrogen atom is 5A.

Conclusion

The group number of Nitrogen atom is 5A.

Answer 33

Expert Solution

Answer 34

Expert Solution

Answer 35

Expert Solution

Answer 36

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation: The group number of Nitrogen atom is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer 37

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The group number of Nitrogen atom is 5A.

Answer 38

Explanation of Solution

In the periodic table of elements, each column is identified by a group number, Arabic 1 to 8 or Roman (I toVIII) numeral followed by the letter A or B. The group number of nitrogen atom is 5A.

Answer 39

Conclusion

The group number of Nitrogen atom is 5A.

Answer 40

Expert Solution

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: The number of valence electrons in the isotopes of Nitrogen is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of valence electrons in Nitrogen atom is 5.

Explanation of Solution

The outermost electrons in an atom are called valence electrons. The valence electrons are more loosely held than the electrons which are closer to the nucleus, and they participate in chemical reactions. The group number of second-row elements indicates its number of valence electrons. The group number of Nitrogen atom is 5A. Hence, the number of valence electrons is 5.

Conclusion

The number of valence electrons in Nitrogen atom is 5.

Answer 41

Expert Solution

Answer 42

Expert Solution

Answer 43

Expert Solution

Answer 44

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation: The number of valence electrons in the isotopes of Nitrogen is to be predicted.

Concept introduction: Isotopes of a particular element have different number of neutrons. The mass number of an atom is the total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In a neutral atom, number of protons in a nucleus is equal to the number of electrons.

Answer 45

Answer to Problem 1.1P

The number of valence electrons in Nitrogen atom is 5.

Answer 46

Explanation of Solution

The outermost electrons in an atom are called valence electrons. The valence electrons are more loosely held than the electrons which are closer to the nucleus, and they participate in chemical reactions. The group number of second-row elements indicates its number of valence electrons. The group number of Nitrogen atom is 5A. Hence, the number of valence electrons is 5.