Mind on Statistics
5th Edition
ISBN: 9781285463186
Author: Jessica M. Utts, Robert F. Heckard
Publisher: Brooks Cole
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Chapter 1, Problem 1.25E
An article in the magazine Science (Service, 1994) discussed a study comparing the health of 6000 vegetarians and a similar number of their friends and relatives who were not vegetarians. The vegetarians had a 28% lower death rate from heart attacks and a 39% lower death rate from cancer, even after the researchers accounted for differences in smoking, weight, and social class. In other words, the reported percentages were the remaining differences after adjusting for differences in death rates due to those factors.
- Is this an observational study or a randomized experiment? Explain.
- On the basis of this information, can we conclude that a vegetarian diet causes lower death rates from heart attacks and cancer? Explain.
- Give an example of a potential confounding variable and explain what it means to say that it is a confounding variable.
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Chapter 1 Solutions
Mind on Statistics
Ch. 1 - Refer to the data and five-number summaries given...Ch. 1 - A five-number summary for the heights in inches of...Ch. 1 - In recent years, Vietnamese American women have...Ch. 1 - The risk of getting lung cancer at some point in...Ch. 1 - Refer to Case Study 1.3, in which teens were asked...Ch. 1 - Using Case Study 1.6 as an example, explain the...Ch. 1 - A CBS News poll taken in December 2009, asked a...Ch. 1 - A telephone survey of 2000 Canadians conducted...Ch. 1 - In Case Study 1.3, the margin of error for the...Ch. 1 - About how many people would need to be in a random...
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.11ECh. 1 - Prob. 1.12ECh. 1 - Prob. 1.13ECh. 1 - For each of the studies described, explain whether...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.15ECh. 1 - Suppose that an observational study showed that...Ch. 1 - A randomized experiment was done in which...Ch. 1 - Explain the distinction between statistical...Ch. 1 - A (hypothetical) study of what people do in their...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.20ECh. 1 - Refer to Case Study 1.6, in which the relationship...Ch. 1 - Students in a statistics class at Penn State were...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.23ECh. 1 - Prob. 1.24ECh. 1 - An article in the magazine Science (Service, 1994)...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.26ECh. 1 - Prob. 1.27ECh. 1 - Prob. 1.28ECh. 1 - Refer to the study in Exercise 1.28, in which...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.30ECh. 1 - Prob. 1.31ECh. 1 - Prob. 1.32ECh. 1 - Prob. 1.33ECh. 1 - Prob. 1.34ECh. 1 - Refer to Exercise 1.33. The Roper Organization...Ch. 1 - Prob. 1.36ECh. 1 - Prob. 1.37ECh. 1 - Prob. 1.38ECh. 1 - Prob. 1.39ECh. 1 - Prob. 1.40ECh. 1 - Prob. 1.41ECh. 1 - Suppose you were to read the following news story:...Ch. 1 - Refer to Case Study 1.5. Explain what mistakes...Ch. 1 - Refer to Case Study 1.6. Go through the five steps...
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