Controlled, manipulated, and disturbance variables in the given figure are to be identified. Also, the effect of time length required on the waste concentration in the dialysis treatment is to be explained. Concept introduction: A control system is a system that regulates or monitors the behavior or working of other devices/systems using control loops. It can be used to control a single device or large industrial processes. Controlled variables (CVs) are the process variables that can be controlled, and its desired value is known as the set point. Manipulated variables (MVs) are the process variables that are adjusted by the controller to keep its value close to the set point. Disturbance variables (DVs) are the process variable that affects the controlled variables, but they cannot be manipulated and are associated with any changes in the operating environment of the ongoing process.

Question

A pilot process is being planned to produce antibiotic P. Antibiotic P is a compound secreted by microorganism A during the stationary phase. To produce P, substrate S is required. The growth of microorganism A follows the Monod equation, with a maximum specific growth rate $\mu_m = 1 h^{-1}$ and a half-saturation constant $K_s = 700\ mg/L$.The pilot process uses a chemostat with a working volume of $1000\ L$. In this chemostat, the outflow is processed to separate microorganisms, which are then concentrated tenfold and recycled. A sterile medium containing $15\ g/L$ of substrate is supplied at a flow rate of $100\ L/h$, while the recycled flow (concentrated) contains $5\ g/L$ and is also fed into the chemostat.Microorganism A yields $0.5\ g$ of biomass per $1\ g$ of substrate consumed $(Y^M_{X/S} = 0.5\ g\ A/g\ S)$, and its death rate $(k_d)$ is negligible. Additionally, $1\ g$ of microorganism A produces $0.05\ g$ of antibiotic P per hour $(q_P = 0.05 g\ P/h\cdot g\ A)$, and $1\ g$…

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 1, Problem 1.12E

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Controlled, manipulated, and disturbance variables in the given figure are to be identified. Also, the effect of time length required on the waste concentration in the dialysis treatment is to be explained.

Concept introduction:

A control system is a system that regulates or monitors the behavior or working of other devices/systems using control loops. It can be used to control a single device or large industrial processes.

Controlled variables (CVs) are the process variables that can be controlled, and its desired value is known as the set point.

Manipulated variables (MVs) are the process variables that are adjusted by the controller to keep its value close to the set point.

Disturbance variables (DVs) are the process variable that affects the controlled variables, but they cannot be manipulated and are associated with any changes in the operating environment of the ongoing process.

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A pilot process is being planned to produce antibiotic P. Antibiotic P is a compound secreted by microorganism A during the stationary phase. To produce P, substrate S is required. The growth of microorganism A follows the Monod equation, with a maximum specific growth rate $\mu_m = 1 h^{-1}$ and a half-saturation constant $K_s = 700\ mg/L$.The pilot process uses a chemostat with a working volume of $1000\ L$. In this chemostat, the outflow is processed to separate microorganisms, which are then concentrated tenfold and recycled. A sterile medium containing $15\ g/L$ of substrate is supplied at a flow rate of $100\ L/h$, while the recycled flow (concentrated) contains $5\ g/L$ and is also fed into the chemostat.Microorganism A yields $0.5\ g$ of biomass per $1\ g$ of substrate consumed $(Y^M_{X/S} = 0.5\ g\ A/g\ S)$, and its death rate $(k_d)$ is negligible. Additionally, $1\ g$ of microorganism A produces $0.05\ g$ of antibiotic P per hour $(q_P = 0.05 g\ P/h\cdot g\ A)$, and $1\ g$…

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