Z Ltd manufacture and market a slimming drink which they sell for Rs 20.00 per bottle. The current output is 4,000 bottles per month which represents 80% of the capacity. They have the opportunity to utilize their surplus capacity by selling their product at Rs. 13.00 per bottle to Cargills who will sell it as a "own label" product. The total cost for the last month were Rs. 56,000 of which Rs. 16,000 were fixed costs, representing a total cost of Rs. 14.00 per bottle. Based on the above data should Z Ltd accept the order by Cargills? What 'other' factors should be considered?
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis
Cost Volume Profit (CVP) analysis is a cost accounting method that analyses the effect of fluctuating cost and volume on the operating profit. Also known as break-even analysis, CVP determines the break-even point for varying volumes of sales and cost structures. This information helps the managers make economic decisions on a short-term basis. CVP analysis is based on many assumptions. Sales price, variable costs, and fixed costs per unit are assumed to be constant. The analysis also assumes that all units produced are sold and costs get impacted due to changes in activities. All costs incurred by the company like administrative, manufacturing, and selling costs are identified as either fixed or variable.
Marginal Costing
Marginal cost is defined as the change in the total cost which takes place when one additional unit of a product is manufactured. The marginal cost is influenced only by the variations which generally occur in the variable costs because the fixed costs remain the same irrespective of the output produced. The concept of marginal cost is used for product pricing when the customers want the lowest possible price for a certain number of orders. There is no accounting entry for marginal cost and it is only used by the management for taking effective decisions.
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