You conduct a one-way ANOVA with 5 groups and 9 subjects in each group (a balanced design). Use RStudio to find the critical values for a = 0.02 and a = 0.01 (report accurate to 3 decimal places). F₁-0.02 F₁-0 -0.01

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**Using R to Find Critical Values for F Distribution**

R can be utilized to determine the critical value for an F distribution at a specified significance level. For instance, to calculate the critical value (the threshold above which the null hypothesis would be rejected) for \(\alpha = 0.05\) with \(df_{\text{between}} = 3\) and \(df_{\text{within}} = 20\), the critical value \(F_{1-0.05}\) is determined using the following R function:

```r
qf(1-0.05, df1=3, df2=20)
```

Input this code into RStudio to verify, and you should obtain the value **3.098**.

---

### ANOVA Critical Values Calculation Example

Consider conducting a one-way ANOVA with 5 groups, each consisting of 9 subjects (a balanced design). Utilize RStudio to find the critical values for \(\alpha = 0.02\) and \(\alpha = 0.01\) (report values to three decimal places).

- \(F_{1-0.02} =\) [Input Required]
- \(F_{1-0.01} =\) [Input Required]
Transcribed Image Text:**Using R to Find Critical Values for F Distribution** R can be utilized to determine the critical value for an F distribution at a specified significance level. For instance, to calculate the critical value (the threshold above which the null hypothesis would be rejected) for \(\alpha = 0.05\) with \(df_{\text{between}} = 3\) and \(df_{\text{within}} = 20\), the critical value \(F_{1-0.05}\) is determined using the following R function: ```r qf(1-0.05, df1=3, df2=20) ``` Input this code into RStudio to verify, and you should obtain the value **3.098**. --- ### ANOVA Critical Values Calculation Example Consider conducting a one-way ANOVA with 5 groups, each consisting of 9 subjects (a balanced design). Utilize RStudio to find the critical values for \(\alpha = 0.02\) and \(\alpha = 0.01\) (report values to three decimal places). - \(F_{1-0.02} =\) [Input Required] - \(F_{1-0.01} =\) [Input Required]
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