X and Y chromosomes have some genes in common. These genes are inherited in a pseudoautosomal pattern. With this phenomenon in mind, discuss whether or not the X and Y chromosomes are really distinct linkage groups. Give answer?
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X and Y chromosomes have some genes in common. These genes are inherited in a pseudoautosomal pattern. With this phenomenon in mind, discuss whether or not the X and Y chromosomes are really distinct linkage groups. Give answer?
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- A prairie grass species called "little bluestem" is tetraploid. It has four complete sets of chromosomes. There are ten kinds of chromosomes; in other words, each complete set of chromosomes has a total of 10 chromosomes. A single somatic cell (e.g., a cell in a leaf) will have 40 chromosomes, 4 of each kind of chromsome, i.e., 4 of the number 1 chromsome, 4 of the number 2 chromsome, etc. The illustration below shows prophase of meiosis 1 in chromosome number 10. In a diploid cell, there would be one tetrad (group of 4 chromatids) for each kind of chromosome. For example, there would be one tetrad for chromosome 8, one for chromsome 9, etc. When the tetraploid little bluestem undergoes meiosis, how many of chromosome number 10 will each sperm cell carry?A diploid species has 3 pairs of chromosomes in its somatic cells. In males, the first pair is large submetacentric[1]; the second is medium acrocentric[2], and the third is small telocentric[3]. In females, the first two pairs are like those of the males while the third is large metacentric[4][5], with satellite4 Illustrate the karyograms (drawing/picture of the chromosome) of the following: A triploid cell in females tetrasomic cell in males tetraploid cell in females [1] submetacentric --centrosome is just above the middle of the chromosome [2] acrocentric --centrosome is much higher location than submetacentric so that the “p” arm of the chromosome is much shorter than the q arm [3] telocentric --the centromere is at the end of the chromosome [4] metacentric --centrosome is in the middle of the chromosome; thus the “p-arm” and the “q-arm” or both arms of the chromosome are equal in length [5] satellite-a constriction in an arm of a chromosome, aside…Discuss whether or not the X and Y chromosomes are really distinct linkage groups?Hint(X and Y chromosomes have a few genes in common. These genes are inherited in a pseudoautosomalpattern.)
- In an electrophoretic gel across which is applied a powerful electrical alternating pulsed field, the DNA of the haploid fungus Neurospora crassa (n = 7) moves slowly but eventually forms seven bands, which represent DNA fractions that are of different sizes and hence have moved at different speeds. These bands are presumed to be the seven chromosomes. How would you show which band corresponds to which chromosome?Here is a strawberry karyotype - ignore the different colours. How many chromosomes are shown in the figure? What is the ploidy of this type of strawberry? How many alleles could an individual strawberry have at each locus? Finally during the G2 stage of cell division, how many double helixes would be in this picture if you drew them over the chromosomes? Many domesticated plants are polyploid - give one possible reason why this might be the case, with a focus on using genetic principles to reason it out (i.e., you don't have to be right per se, you have to build an argument based on what you've already learned).In the following schematic drawing of a Holliday junction,one chromatid is shown in red, and the homologous chromatidis shown in blue. The red chromatid carries a dominant allelelabeled A and a recessive allele labeled b, whereas the blue chromatidcarries a recessive allele labeled a and a dominant allelelabeled B. Where would the DNA strands have to be cut to produce recombinantchromosomes? Would they be cut at sites 1 and 3, or at sites2 and 4? What would be the genotypes of the two recombinantchromosomes?
- Variations in Chromosome NumberAneuploidy Describe the process of nondisjunction and explain when it takes place during cell division.Somatic cells in organisms of a certain diploid plant species normally have 14 chromosomes. The chromosomes in the gametes are numbered from 1 through 7. Rarely, zygotes are formed that contain more or fewer than 14 chromosomes. A zygote that has the chromosome composition 111 22 33 44 555 66 77 is 1. A.) Anueploid or B.)Euploid , and its chromosome complement can be described as 2. A). trisomic , B.)allotriploid , C. autotriploid for chromosomes 1 and 5. Pick the correct letter for 1 and 2.Sketch a series of diagrams showing each of the following, making sure to end each series with haploid cells:(a) How a pair of alleles for a single locus segregate in meiosis(b) How the alleles of two unlinked loci assort independently in meiosis(c) How the alleles of two linked loci undergo genetic recombination
- In a germline progenitor cell before DNA replication (2N), a translocation occurred between a telocentric and submetacentric chromosome resulting in a translocation heterozygote. The location of the translocation is illustrated below. Draw the Prophase I pairing conformation that would result from this translocation. The four types of chromosomes you have now can be labeled as follows: T-WT (telocentric wild type), T-TL (telocentric translocation), SM-WT (submetacentric wild type), and SM-TL (submetacentric translocation). Using these labels, list (please do not draw) the possible outcomes of Anaphase I and the possible phenotypes for each outcome. Please explain your reasoning for each phenotype in a few words. asapConsider the following DNA molecule (shown in the picture) and assume this is the DNA sequence of the entire chromosomes. list the amino acid sequences of the possible protein or proteins that could be produced from this DNA sequence what would be the DNA sequence of a sister chromatid generated from this chromosome sequence? (specify the 5' nd 3' ends)Certain plants may have more than two copies of a chromosome. In some wild strawberries octoploid individuals exist! If the haploid number for these strawberries is 7, how many chromosomes are there in a somatic cell of an octoploid individual of this species?