Write down the reactions, carried out by yeasts, in which pyruvate is converted to ethanol  and CO2 . Show the structures of the substrates and products and show which enzymes  catalyse the reactions.

Q: Define substrate-level phosphorylation and give an example from the reactions discussed in this…

A: The process in which a phosphate group is added to a organic compound is called phosphorylation.

Q: Enumerate the factors affecting enzyme catalysis and briefly explain each. And how does the…

A: Introduction: The process of enzyme catalysis occurs when a biological component, often an enzyme,…

Q: Show a chemical reaction involving hydrogen peroxide and the enzyme present in potato. What enzyme…

A: Chemical reactions and processes are sped up by catalysts or chemicals found in all living things.…

Q: 2. Which glycolytic reactions require inorganic Pi? 3. Several glycolytic intermediates contain…

A: Metabolism includes biosynthesis/ reduction (an anabolic process) and oxidation (catabolic…

Q: Redox coenzymes that are used in cell respiration are

A: Cellular respiration can be described as the process in which the simpler food molecules combine…

Q: Consider the function of the cofactor FAD. Which of the following makes it unique (different) from…

A: Our body is composed of numerous cells, tissues, organs, hormones, and enzymes. Enzymes are protein…

Q: Which term is used to describe a two-phase anabolic pathway in which light energy is converted into…

A: WHAT IS ANABOLIC PATHWAY ?   Anabolic pathways are the pathway that require energy to synthesize…

Q: The number of ATP molecules that can be made from the oxidation of cis-11-pentatadecenoic acid…

A: Most fatty acids are degraded by sequential removal of two-carbon fragments from the carboxyl end…

Q: The number of ATP molecules that can be made from the oxidation of cis-11-pentatadecenoic acid…

A: The end products of complete oxidation of fatty acids is CO2 and water. It takes place via 2…

Q: Indicate at what step number in the glycolysis pathway the following event occur and why?   a. First…

A: Isomerization is defined as the reaction which alters a compound into its simple isomers which…

Q: List the three chemical processes that can lead to the removal of ions from solution and thus drive…

A: The following chemical processes can lead to the removal of ions from a solution causing Metathesis…

Q: The glutaridoxins are a class of small antioxidant enzymes that use GSH as a reducing agent. They…

A: Thioredoxin (Trx) and glutathione (GSH) are needed to maintain the redox balance inside the brain,…

Q: Consider the following metabolic pathway and answer the questions. CH,OPO, CHOPO, H--OH HO-C-H…

A: Hi, thank you for posting the question on Bartleby. As per the guidelines, we can answer up to three…

Q: Consider the enzyme pyruvate carboxylase. How does regulation of this enzyme impact the pathway(s)…

A: Introduction  Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts in biological reactions. They speed up the…

Q: Fermentation is an important process that allows organisms growing in anaerobic environments to…

A: Ans: E Most organism that rely on fermentation are small microbes that grow relatively slowly.

Q: Identify the substrates for the nine-reaction Krebs cycle and the overall products.

A: The citric acid cycle or the Krebs cycle is the major cycle that forms ATP. It is a closed cyclic…

Q: For which of the following reactions is the AH for the reaction not equal to the AH, of the product?

A: In  cooking—when you mix ingredients to make something, the heat you feel might not just come from…

Q: Name the respiration pathway in the plants that is alternative to glycolysis and where does this…

A: Answer is pentose phosphate pathway but this is not unique to plants only it occurs in animals too.…

Q: Give the name of the enzyme in this reaction along with detailed

A: Coenzyme A is a coenzyme which plays important role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids,…

Q: explain the biochemical processes involved in each of the following, in named cells. Start by…

A: 1. Homolactic fermentation-(production of lactic acid) Purpose- Any form of fermentation that…

Q: Name the three main catabolic pathways and the estimated ATP yield for each.

A: Catabolic pathways refer to the process of catabolism in which large biomolecules are broken down…

Q: H₂N. OH + H₂N. OH enzyme

A: Here we are looking at an enzyme catalyzed reversible reaction between 2 amino acids, alanine and…

Q: What is the product of the following reaction?

A: A redox reaction is a type of chemical reaction that involves a transfer of electrons between two…

Q: Explain briefly (in less than 100 words) how ATP synthase works. Show and explain the structure and…

A: ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) is the energy currency of the cell. It is used as an energy source in…

Q: What kind of changes must occur in the structure of a hexose molecule in order to produce a 3 C prow…

A: A hexose is a monosaccharide sugar/carbohydrate molecule that contains six carbon atoms while triose…

Q: Please show the energetical math for why it is not a violation of the first law, such as by…

A: In the simplest form, this law states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can…

Q: Determine the net ATP and total NADH produced upon complete oxidation of two molecules sucrose.…

A: Introduction: The production of ATP occurs in two ways: substrate-level phosphorylation: It…

Q: Write out the reaction that is catalyzed by the enzyme zymase.

A: Zymase is used in conditions where the pancreas cannot make or does not release enough digestive…

Q: Reactions and Thermodynamics of Glycolysis

A: Third step of glycolysis, fructose-6-phosphate is converted to fructose- 1,6-bisphosphate by…

Q: The following image is a schematic of the metabolic processes occurring in a plant contained in a…

A: In the given figure, two metabolic pathway is shown that is photosynthesis and respiration in plant.

Q: For the electron transport chain, draw the structure of the intermediate metabolite and write the…

A:

Q: Compile a list of all the cofactors involved in adding or removing one-carbon groups in…

A: Cofactor can be defined as a substance such as a metallic ion or non-protein chemical compound which…

Q: uppose that in some plants, the molecule 2-carboxy-d-arabinitol 1-phosphate (CA1P) acts as a…

A: An enzyme is a protein with catalytic powers.

Q: Suggest the possible class of enzyme (or name of enzyme) for each of the enzyme-catalyzed reactions…

A: Enzymes are the biocatalysts that help speed up the biochemical reactions by lowering the activation…

Q: Give an example of a coenzyme changing from oxidized to reduced form in a reaction and explain the…

A: The coenzyme is the non-proteinous part of the enzyme which is the organic molecule, it binds to the…

Q: Mention the importance of the Cori cycle. Draw an outline

A: The Cori cycle (also known as the lactic acid cycle),  is a metabolic pathway in which lactate…

Metabolic pathways

Metabolism is defined as the group of life-supporting, enzyme-mediated chemical reactions in organisms. A metabolic pathway is a set of these chemical reactions that involve anabolism (synthesis of complex biomolecules) and catabolism (breakdown of biomolecules into small molecules) that occur inside a cell. Metabolites are the reacting substances, products, and intermediate substances of an enzymatic process that are altered by a series of chemical events catalyzed by enzymes.