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- Under anoxic conditions, biological denitrification of waste water by activated sludge results in the conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas. Sludge is microorganisms, and these microorganisms carry out this reaction, this is a biological reaction. When acetic acid provides the carbon source, the reaction can be represented as follows: 5CH3COOH + 8NO3 → 4N2+ 10CO2 + 6H20 + 8HO Acetic acid Nitrate a) Is the stoichiometric equation balanced? write down the number of atoms of each species on left side and also on the right side of this equation. b) In the absence of side reactions, what is the yield of nitrogen from acetic acid in g g1? c) A certain waste water contains 6.0 mM acetic acid and 7mM NaNO3. If 25% of the acetic acid and 15% of the nitrate (NO3) are consumed in other reactions (e.g, for growth of the microorganisms in the sludge), which is the limiting substrate in the denitrification reaction? d) For the situation described in part c), what mass of gaseous nitrogen (N2) in…Give one of the names for the pathway shown below.Enzymes catalyze the rapid formation of product by: lowering the Gibbs free energy of the product raising the Gibbs free energy of the substrate lowering the activation energy between the substrate and the product raising the activation energy between the substrate and the product changing the AG (the change in Gibbs free energy) of the reaction
- Define the following as they apply to an enzymatic reaction. Give an example of each. a. Enzyme-limited: b. Substrate-limited:Consider the equation light energy + CO2 + h2O → sugars + O2 + heat energy. Would you expect this reaction to occur in a single step? Why must heat be generated in the reaction? explain your answers.Define the following terms: (1) bioenergetics, (2) ender- gonic reactions, and (3) exergonic reactions.
- The figure below represents a reaction in the presence and absence of an enzyme catalyst. What can you conclude about this reaction? energy activation energy activation energy 1 uncatalysed reaction catalysed reaction A) It is endergonic in the absence of the enzyme. B) It will proceed more quickly in the presence of the enzyme. C) Once the reaction has reached equilibrium, there will be more product in the enzyme-catalyzed reaction. D) It has a negative AG. OE) Both B and D are truecreate a single illustration that will interrelate or link the two opposing pathways, the Glycogenesis and Glycogenolysis. I want you to include the enzyme in each step and include some important by-products as well. From the illustration, I want you to encircle the intermediate molecule to highlight the link between the two processes. Aside from the illustration, I want you to compare and contrast the two pathways in terms of function, number of reaction steps, and usage of UTP. You can tabulate this part to make it simpler.Use arrow-pushing to show how the glycerol phosphate reacts with the base :B and NAD* to form DHAP. Show the products of the reaction, including the structure of DHAP. The image can be selected for copying and pasting. :B O-H 2. HO-CH-C-CH-O-Pi H H H NAD*
- Match the following catalytic strategies with their example. Place a Letter on the picture. There are only two examples given. CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH он он OH OH + H20 OH OH OH но H. но но OH OH OH OH OH OH A. Oxidoreducatase B. Transferase C. Hydrolase D. Lyase NH3 E. Isomerase F. Ligase R-CH-COO "ooc-CH2-CH2-C-COO Amino acid a-KetoglutarateWrite the structures for the molecule that best fits the answer to the following:a) the final products in anaerobic fermentationb) a coenzyme used in glycolysis (not ATP)c) the structure of the reaction intermediate in the reaction of ATP and bicarbonateWhich of the following describes a purpose for the function of phosphoglucoisomerase? a) allows for phosphorylation for trapping the molecule in the cell b)promotes substrate level phosphorylation and formation of ATP c) allows formation of a primary alcohol necessary for the next step of phosphorylation d)facilitates epimerization, the change in stereochemistry at one chiral carbon