Why did AZT fail to control HIV-1 infections in the long term? AZT treatment selected for HIV-1 virions with reverse transcriptase variants that did not incorporate AZT, but this was not heritable so humans progressed to AIDS anyway HIV-1 evolved AZT resistance in one person and that resistant strain spread to other people AZT treatment had harsh side effects so patients could not stick to a treatment regimen AZT treatment selected for HIV-1 virions with reverse transcriptase variants that did not incorporate AZT, and since this was heritable the population of virions evolved resistance within the host

Q: Choose all that apply. What mechanism(s) is (are) involved in the evolution of HIV resistance to the…

A: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is a virus that objectives the safe framework. On the off chance…

Q: The RNA polymerase transcribes the virus’s RNA, making more RNA copies that are translated into…

A: Virus life cycle Most viruses replicate via RNA-dependent RNA polymerases and generate new particles…

Q: To put an end to the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines were developed against the virus and people…

A: Vaccines are antigens or proteins that help in eliciting the host immune response against specific…

Q: Describe how seroconversion works in HIV disease

A: Human immunodeficiency virus is the causative agent of AIDS or Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome.…

Q: Would you predict that TLR-XX is able to recognize other types of Gram-negative bacteria, in…

A: TLRs are pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that play an important role in the recognition of…

Q: Do we need vaccines or not? Can you please fully explaine that yes or not and why giving biological…

A: Importance of vaccines

Q: Besides being a general base, what's the other function of Asp in mechanism of HIV-1 aspartate…

A: HIV-1 Aspartate Protease is a retropepsin enzyme i.e., retroviral aspartyl protease enzyme. Besides…

Q: Which is not true of measles vaccine? lt can be given at the same time as DPT It is alright to give…

A: Vaccines:  Vaccines help to develop cell mediated immunity and humoral immunity. Immunization is the…

Q: How do mRNA vaccines work? Why is this such a turning point in combating COVID-19?

A: A few vaccines utilize an entire virus or bacterium to show our bodies how to develop immunity to…

Q: Explain this please LAPMT5 restricts HIV- 1 infection

A: Answer

Q: Please help explain this Vpr enhances HIV-1 infection in LAPTM5

A: The HIV protein Vpr, is a multifunctional accessory protein, which is incorporated in virions.

Q: Retroviruses can sometimes increase the likelihood of developing cancer. There are two ways that…

A: A retrovirus is a type of virus that has its genetic material in the form of RNA. When a retrovirus…

Q: What happens to individual Vaccinia viral particles that do not possess the genes necessary to…

A: As we know that viruses are simple, noncellular entities consist of either DNA or RNA enclosed in a…

Q: Describe the four stages of meiosis I

A: Meiosis is a type of cell division. The cell is divided and produces some offspring cells. So there…

Q: What are three major methods of transmission of the HIV virus and provide an example of each method.

A: HIV stands for Human Immuno deficiency Virus and is responsible for causing AIDS in humans. HIV…

Q: What is a major mechanism by which HIV damages the immune system in AIDS?

A: Viruses can spread through various agents such as air, water, direct contact, and by other means.…

Q: A researcher performs an experiment where he infects 2 mice (Mouse A and Mouse B) with herpes…

A: Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) is known for its invasiveness against immune response. Major…

Q: Diagram or describe the replication cycle of HIV-1. Indicate all the steps/stages that can NOT be…

A: The replication cycle of HIV-1 (Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1) is a complex process that HIV,…

Q: Choose all of the following that apply to the human papilloma virus (HPV) and infection with HPV

A: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) most common viral infection spread through the sexual activities (…

Q: When people get vaccinated for the COVID-19, which of the following will occur to them in response…

A: Vaccination is the process of administering the vaccine which is a weakened or killed strain of the…

Q: Select the likely mechanism of action for this viral reverse transcriptase inhibitor

A: Nucleotides are the monomers of nucleic acids, deoxyribonucleic acid(DNA), and ribonucleic…

Q: an infection of HIV in a patient mutates so that it changes the genes involved in attachment, which…

A: The body’s immune system is affected by HIV which can lead to AIDS. HIV stands for human…

Q: Which of the following are true? Choose all that apply HIV testing counselors ine the term…

A: Humans are infected by two kinds of lentivirus called human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV). They…

Q: Using the figure shown below, briefly explain the relationship between levels of HIV viral RNA,…

A: HIV infects vital cells in the human immune system, such as helper T cells specifically CD4+ T…

Q: What is the purpose of antiretroviral therapy in HIV treatment?

A: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a medical treatment used to treat HIV (Human Immunodeficiency…

Q: 1. which antibody isotypes is in lowest concentration in serum? a- IGA b- IgD c-IgG d-IgE e-…

A:

Q: therapy

A: Combination anti-HIV1 drug therapy Treatment that uses a combination of three or more drugs to treat…

Q: Why haven’t scientists been able to develop vaccines against HIVand the common cold?

A: HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) is an RNA virus that causes AIDS in humans. It attacks the immune…

Q: List four classes of antiretroviral drugs and the specificstage of the HIV life cycle that each…

A: HIV can be defined as the type of virus which causes AIDS in the individual. It stands for Human…

Q: List two of the major targets of combination antiretroviral therapies used to clinically treat HIV-1…

A: The two major targets of combination retroviral therapies used to clinically treat HIV infections…

Q: What is the role of tRNAlys in the HIV replication cycle?

A: Transfer RNA is a small RNA molecule that plays a key role in protein synthesis, tRNALys is the tRNA…

Q: Retroviruses are dependent on reverse transcriptase, which does which of the following? Transcribes…

A: Answer- (d) creates a DNA copy of an RNA template In reverse transcription the RNA genome of the…

Q: HIV infects Multiple Choice epithelial cells in the genitourinary tract endothelial cells of the…

A: HIV, the virus that causes AIDS, targets specific types of immune cells, disrupting the body's…

Q: What is HIV undetectable? What is HIV undetectable postive? What is difference between HIV…

A: The concise form of the human immunodeficiency virus is HIV. It generally attacks the immune system…

Q: mutation on HIV replicatication

A: Human immunodeficiency virus = HIV