Which two amino acids are shown on the left side of Figure 3? Use Figure 2 to answer this. To which chemical groups do these amino acids belong? Were you able to identify their chemical characteristics based on your rules? If not, you should go back and revise your rules!
DNA and RNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is usually called the blueprint of life. Deoxyribose is a monosaccharide that has a key function in the synthesis of deoxyribonucleic acid. One less oxygen-containing hydroxyl group occurs in deoxyribose sugar. Nucleic acid, deoxyribonucleic acid, is one of the natural components. Deoxyribonucleic acid is a double-stranded molecule. Watson and Crick postulated the double-stranded model of the helix. A deoxyribonucleic acid is a molecular group that carries and transmits genetic information from parents to offspring. All eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells are involved.
DNA as the Genetic Material
DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a long polymeric nucleic acid molecule discovered in the late 1930s. It is a polymer; a long chain-like molecule made up of several monomers connected in a sequence. It possesses certain characteristics that qualify it as a genetic component. Certain organisms have different types of nucleic acids as their genetic material - DNA or RNA.
Genetics
The significant branch in science which involves the study of genes, gene variations, and the organism's heredity is known as genetics. It is also used to study the involvement of a gene or set of genes in the health of an individual and how it prevents several diseases in a human being. Thus, genetics also creates an understanding of various medical conditions.
DNA Replication
The mechanism by which deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is capable of producing an exact copy of its own is defined as DNA replication. The DNA molecules utilize a semiconservative method for replication.
![Exercise B: Peptide Bond Formation
Figure 3 shows two individual amino acids, and then those same two amino acids after
they have been linked together by a peptide bond to form a dipeptide. Addition of
more amino acids linked by peptide bonds would form a polypeptide, the precursor to a
functional protein.
нн
H
H O
нно
H O
+| | ||
H-N-C-ċ-o +
+| 1 ||
H-N-C-C
+| | ||
Н-N—С- С—N—C—С
H
CH2
H
CH2
H
CH2
CH2
SH
SH
NH2
NH2
Figure 3. Formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids.
Answer the below questions in your own document.
• Which two amino acids are shown on the left side of Figure 3? Use Figure 2 to
answer this.
• To which chemical groups do these amino acids belong?
Were you able to identify their chemical characteristics based on your rules? If
not, you should go back and revise your rules!
On the dipeptide shown in Figure 3, label the peptide bond that was formed when the
two individual amino acids were joined. Label the free amino and carboxyl groups at
the ends of this dipeptide (not in the R groups). These are often referred to as the N-
terminus (amino-terminus) and the C-terminus (carboxyl-terminus) of a peptide or
polypeptide. (Note: "peptide" refers to a chain of a small number of amino acids,
whereas "polypeptide" refers to a longer chain, potentially that corresponding to an
entire protein.)
Screenshot](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F3eeb3e5a-eda3-4be2-a8da-0aed76f38e3a%2Fdbc5352a-3a3a-4a17-af6d-251b342d2669%2Fjfcbpdm_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
![have in common so that you will be able to identify the chemical group for each of
the 20 amino acids if you are shown its structure. Record your rules in a table
similar to the one shown below.
Nonpolar
Polar (uncharged)
COO
COO
COO"
H3N-C-H
HN-C-H
HạN-C -H
H3N -C -H
HaN-C-H
H3N-C-H
H
CH3
CH
バ
CH,OH
H-C-OH
CH2
CH, CH,
CH3
SH
Glycine
Alanine
Valine
Serine
Threonine
Cysteine
COO
COO
COO
HaN-C-H
HN-C-H
HN-C-H
COO
CH2
CH2
H-C-CH3
HN-C-H
CH
CH2
CH,
CH2
CH2
CH; CH3
CH3
CH2
CH3
H2N
Leucine
Methionine
Isoleucine
Coo
COo-
Coo
Asparagine
Glutamine
H3N-C-H
HN-C -H HN-c-H
Basic
CH2
CH2
CH2
COO
CO"
C=CH
HN-C-H
-C-H
-C-H
NH
CH,
CH2
CH2
ÓH
CH2
CH2
C-NH
CH
CH2
CH2
C-NA
Phenylalanine
Tyrosine
Tryptophan
CH2
NH
CO-
*NH3
C3D
NH2
CH,
Lysine
Arginine
Histidine
HC CH2
Acidic
COO
CO0
Proline
HN-C-H
HạN-C-H
CH2
CH2
COO
CH2
CO0
Aspartate
Glutamate
Figure 2. Structures of the 20 natura
mino acids.
Screenshot](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F3eeb3e5a-eda3-4be2-a8da-0aed76f38e3a%2Fdbc5352a-3a3a-4a17-af6d-251b342d2669%2Fn9sgjo_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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