ADHOXTMSH=ACTHTSHhGHHypothalamusPRLFSHAnteriorptuitaryLHpituitaryWhich pituitary hormone is represented by the abbreviation ADH?ADHTSHACTHOXTFSH/LHhGHPRLMSHA) Antidiuretic hormoneBAdrenal hormone(C) Aldosterone hormoneD) Adrenocorticotropic hormone

The endocrine system is a critical organ system of the body that is concerned with the secretion of hormones, a type of chemical messengers that aid in controlling reproductive, digestive, cardiovascular, and metabolical functions of the body. Hormones are secreted directly into the bloodstream and are usually transported to the target organ/cell/tissue that is directed at a distant region from its origin of secretion.A small group of endocrine tissues and glands are present in the brain that is capable of controlling the endocrine activities of the other organs and glands located at distant regions in the body. One such important gland is the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is a small, pea-shaped gland located in the region of the brain base, right behind the nasal bridge. The gland lies in between the region of the pineal gland and the hypothalamus and is concerned with the secretion of hormones that involves the control, secretion, regulation, and maintenance of the adrenal and thyroid gland. Antidiuretic hormones, more commonly known as ADH or vasopressin, are a chief hormone produced by the hypothalamus and stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland which binds with the receptors present on the target cell of the kidney. The increase in serum osmolality is detected by the hypothalamus and the ADH production is initiated. The ADH is stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland which binds with the receptors on kidney cells. The ADH functions in increasing water reabsorption by acting through the G-protein coupled receptors which increase the insertion and transcription rate of the Aquaporin-2 channels which facilitate the water reabsorption thereby causing an increase in blood volume and ultimately, blood pressure. Hence, option ‘(A) Antidiuretic hormone’ is the correct option.Option ‘(B) Adrenal hormone’ is an incorrect option because adrenal hormones refer to the hormones that are produced and secreted by the adrenal glands located on the superior surface of the kidney. Adrenaline is an example of an adrenal hormone. Option ‘(C) Aldosterone hormone’ is an incorrect option because aldosterone hormone is a type of steroid hormone produced and secreted by the adrenal glands of the body. Option ‘(D) Adrenocorticotropic hormone’ is an incorrect option because adrenocorticotropic hormone or more commonly known as, ACTH is a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and is concerned with the control of the adrenal glands and the production of the stress hormones and regulation and maintenance of the steroid hormones.Hence, antidiuretic hormone or ADH is a pituitary hormone stored and secreted by the posterior pituitary gland that functions to regulate the blood volume and the blood pressure of the body by acting on the target cells of the kidney.