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Which of the following terms best describes what physiologists refer to as an "integrating center?"

Which of the following terms best describes what physiologists refer to as an "integrating center?"

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
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### Integrating Centers in Physiology **Question:** Which of the following terms best describes what physiologists refer to as an "integrating center?" 1. **The loop of Henle and the collecting duct that underlie the excretion of a hyperosmotic urine.** 2. **Muscle cells that respond to neurotransmitters from somatic motor neurons in the spinal cord.** 3. **Epithelial cells that produce an enzyme that regulates the blood concentration of Angiotensin II.** 4. **Inspiratory neurons of the medulla oblongata that respond to afferent neuronal signals originating from carotid and aortic bodies.** 5. **The alveoli and capillaries required for ventilation.** ### Explanation: An integrating center in physiology typically refers to a region within the central nervous system where information is processed and an appropriate response is coordinated. It receives input signals from sensory neurons, processes the information, and then sends output signals to effectors to bring about a response. #### Detailed Analysis: - **Option 1:** The loop of Henle and the collecting duct are components of the nephron in the kidney and are involved in urine concentration but do not serve as an integrating center. - **Option 2:** Muscle cells respond to neurotransmitters but do not integrate information; they are effectors. - **Option 3:** Epithelial cells producing an enzyme like that regulating Angiotensin II are not involved in integrative processing. They are part of the hormonal regulation. - **Option 4:** Inspiratory neurons in the medulla oblongata take afferent signals from sensory neurons and help coordinate breathing, functioning as an integrating center. - **Option 5:** Alveoli and capillaries are involved in gas exchange, not in integrative processing. **Correct Answer:** **Inspiratory neurons of the medulla oblongata that respond to afferent neuronal signals originating from carotid and aortic bodies.**
Transcribed Image Text:### Integrating Centers in Physiology **Question:** Which of the following terms best describes what physiologists refer to as an "integrating center?" 1. **The loop of Henle and the collecting duct that underlie the excretion of a hyperosmotic urine.** 2. **Muscle cells that respond to neurotransmitters from somatic motor neurons in the spinal cord.** 3. **Epithelial cells that produce an enzyme that regulates the blood concentration of Angiotensin II.** 4. **Inspiratory neurons of the medulla oblongata that respond to afferent neuronal signals originating from carotid and aortic bodies.** 5. **The alveoli and capillaries required for ventilation.** ### Explanation: An integrating center in physiology typically refers to a region within the central nervous system where information is processed and an appropriate response is coordinated. It receives input signals from sensory neurons, processes the information, and then sends output signals to effectors to bring about a response. #### Detailed Analysis: - **Option 1:** The loop of Henle and the collecting duct are components of the nephron in the kidney and are involved in urine concentration but do not serve as an integrating center. - **Option 2:** Muscle cells respond to neurotransmitters but do not integrate information; they are effectors. - **Option 3:** Epithelial cells producing an enzyme like that regulating Angiotensin II are not involved in integrative processing. They are part of the hormonal regulation. - **Option 4:** Inspiratory neurons in the medulla oblongata take afferent signals from sensory neurons and help coordinate breathing, functioning as an integrating center. - **Option 5:** Alveoli and capillaries are involved in gas exchange, not in integrative processing. **Correct Answer:** **Inspiratory neurons of the medulla oblongata that respond to afferent neuronal signals originating from carotid and aortic bodies.**
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