Which of the following statements is true?a. Work or mechanical energy can spontaneously be converted completely to heat or thermalenergy.b. Thermal energy with some effort, can only be partially converted to mechanical energyc. For a closed system constant-volume heating of a gas, heat absorbed is directly convertedinto changes in the gas' internal energyd. All of these.A sugar production plant uses their used sugarcane biomass as fuel to boil off water intohigh pressure steam and is wondering if they can utilize this steam to produce electricity.The company should use ac. turbined. pumpa. nozzleb. compressor

Answer: 1) From first law of thermodynamics we get, Internal Energy = △U = Q - W Work can be…

Answered: Which of the following statements is…

Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

8th Edition

ISBN:9781259696527

Author:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart

Publisher:J.M. Smith Termodinamica en ingenieria quimica, Hendrick C Van Ness, Michael Abbott, Mark Swihart

Chapter1: Introduction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1.1P

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Copper, which has a mass of 5 kg and an initial temperature of 80 ° C, is cooled by immersing it in an insulated container of 5 kg and a temperature of 25 ° C. The cooling process continues until copper and water reach the same temperature (equilibrium temperature).a) Calculate the equilibrium temperature.b) Calculate the entropy change of copper.c) Calculate the entropy change of water.Note: C copper = 0.39 kj / kg K, Csu = 4.18 kj / kg K
Make a sketch: A flash drum is used to reduce the temperature of a butane stream. The butane enters the drum at 35oC and 400 bar. Flashed butane vapor leaves the top of the drum and butane liquid leaves the bottom of the drum. The flash drum operation must be controlled to achieve an outlet temperature for both streams of –10oC
Thermodynamics question
Liquefied natural gas (LNG) is transported in very large tankers, stored as liquid in equilibrium with its vapor at approximately atmospheric pressure. If LNG is essentially pure methane, the storage temperature then is about 111.4 K, the normal boiling point of methane. The enormous amount of cold liquid can in principle serve as a heat sink for an onboard heat engine. Energy discarded to the LNG serves for its vaporization. If the heat source is ambient air at 300 K, and if the efficiency of a heat engine is 61% of its Carnot value, estimate the vaporization rate in moles vaporized per kJ of power output. For methane, AH = 8.206 kJ.mol-¹. The vaporization rate in moles vaporized per kJ of power output is mol-kj1
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Please show the outright and legible answers/solutions. Thermodynamics Ideal Gas Sulphur dioxide is circulated as refrigerant in a small refrigerator. SO2 gas at a pressure of 5 bar and temperature 340 K is to be cooled at a constant volume of 0.142 m3, to 293 K as part of the refrigeration cycle. Calculate (a) The heat liberated, (b) The work done by the gas on cooling, (c) The final pressure attained on cooling and(d) The change in enthalpy.Sulphur dioxide may be treated as an ideal gas. The specific heat (J/mol K) is found to vary with temperature (K) according toCP = 25.736 + 5.796 X 10-2 T – 3.8112 x 10-5 T2 + 8.612 x 10-9 T3
2. a. Satufated steam at 100 kPa is discharged from a turbine at a rate of 1150 kg/h. Superheated steam at 300 °C and 100 kPa is needed as a feed to a heat exchanger. To produce it, the turbine discharge stream is mixed with superheated steam available from a second source at 400 °C and 100 kPa. The mixing unit operates adiabatically. Calculate i. the quantity of superheated steam at 300 °C produced. ii. the required volumetric flowrate of the 400 °C steam.
A) Give the meaning of the following terms: (1) thermodynamic system (2) thermodynamic cycle (3) thermodynamic process (4) thermodynamic law. B) Choose the correct answer, In an extensive property of a thermodynamic system: (1) extensive heat is transferred (2) extensive work is done (3) extensive energy is utilized (4) all of the above (5) none of the above. C) Which of the following is an intensive property of a thermodynamic system? (1) Volume (2) Temperature (3) Mass (4) Energy (5) Velocity D) The following is the equation which connects u, p and v for several gases: u = a + bpv, Where a and b are constants, prove that for a reversible adiabatic process, b+1 pur: = constant, Where y = b
4. Consideration is being given to the use of a steady flow expander (or gas turbine) powered by a stream of hot compressed gases. It is required that the gases should discharge from the turbine at 101.3 kPa and 20°C. It is also required that the turbine produce 930 kW for a flow rate of 380 mol/s of gases. Estimate the initial temperature and pressure required for the gas stream (for the purpose of an estimate, assume that the turbine will operate isentropically and the gases are ideal with constant C, of 44 J/mol K.
4 A process stream at temperature Ti (°C) is fed to a tank as shown in Figure Q4. Heat, Q (kW), is added to the tank by means of an electric heater. The tank is well-mixed, and the temperature of the stream exiting the tank is T (°C). Under steady state operations, the flow rates into and out of the tank remain constant at G (m³ s-1). (a) (b) (c) (d) G, Ti Q G, T Figure Q4: A tank heating system Develop the sets of equations that describes the steady and unsteady states of the process. Obtain the Laplace transforms of the model in terms of deviation variables. Determine the transfer function relating the change in the inlet temperature, Ti, and the change in heat, Q, to the change in the outlet temperature, T. Draw the block diagram representing the transfer functions for this process.
A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between two or more fluids. Consider the steady flow of a substance through a heat exchanger at atmospheric pressure and determine the exit temperature of the substance for the following processes. The constant-pressure heat capacities are well described by the following equation: Cp R = A + BT+ CT², T[=]K (1.1) 1.967, = where A = 1.924, B = 14.394 × 10-³ K-¹, and C = -4.392×10-6 K-2 for ethylene, and A B = 31.630 × 10-³ K-1, and C = -9.873x10-6 K-2 for 1-butene. (a) Ethylene at 200°C is fed at 10 mol/s into a heat exchanger that adds heat at a rate of 400 kW. Hint: To obtain a numerical solution, you may need to use a "solver" or an iterative method. (b) 1-butene at 260°C is fed at 15 mol/s into a heat exchanger that adds heat at a rate of 2000 kW. Now suppose you take the streams exiting from (a) and (b) and allow them to exchange heat between each other. Both streams exit at the same final temperature. (c) What is the exit…
2. Nitrogen turbine. Nitrogen expands from 30 bar, 600°C to 12 bar in a turbine operating at steady-state. Assume nitrogen to be an ideal gas (C = 29 J/mol-K). a. Calculate the amount of work and the final temperature if expansion is reversible. b. Repeat the calculation if the efficiency of the turbine is 82% and report the lost work.

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