Which of the following of the following quantities does not affect adaptive evolution* of a quantitative trait Z? *Genetic change in a population due to natural selection 1.importance of Z for population survival in the future 2.Variation in Z 3.Heritability of Z 4.Relationship between Z and fitness (= selection on Z)

Which of the following of the following quantities does not affect adaptive evolution* of a quantitative trait Z? *Genetic change in a population due to natural selection 1.importance of Z for population survival in the future 2.Variation in Z 3.Heritability of Z 4.Relationship between Z and fitness (= selection on Z)

Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781337392938

Author:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Publisher:Eldra Solomon, Charles Martin, Diana W. Martin, Linda R. Berg

Chapter19: Evolutionary Change In Populations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 3TYU: The MN blood group is of interest to population geneticists because (a) people with genotype MN...

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What is the role of variation in evolution. If heterozygosity is reduced, what happens to the potential for evolution?. The phenotype and genotype bof a population is die to a mosaic of random and directed processes, some of them have to do with history ;some are related to adaptation, etc. As completely as possible, discuss the role of chance and direction in evolution and in determining the phenotype of a population
Microevolution is defined as a change inallele frequencies in a population over generations. Please explainwhat an allele is, in genetic terms. Name the three major factorsinvolved in allele frequency changes in populations. Describe, indetail, how natural selection works on individuals, while evolutionoccurs in populations. Include a real or hypothetical example ofthe process of natural selection in your answer other thaninsects and insecticide! Identify the specific natural selectionpressure and the specific trait being selected for in yourexample.
Under idealized Hardy-Weinberg conditions, which of the following is FALSE? [1] O mutation rates will increase with each generation O no new alleles would be added to the population's gene pool O there will be no change in alelle frequencies in a population over time O the population is so large that random affects don't change allele frequencies all of these are true
Mark all that are true regarding interpretation of w values. V When w > 1 (significantly greater than 1), the region being examined has been experiencing mutations non-randomly (more non-synonymous mutations than synonymous) O w< 1 (significantly less than 1) sugggests that purifying selection has taken place. V w = 1 indicates that neutral evolution is definitely occuring A With w = 1 we cannot reject the hypothesis that the locus is evolving neutrally. However, it is possible that different sites within this locus are experiencing unique selection pressures (some purifying selection and others positive selection), and the result of these cancelling each other out creates the appearance of neutral evolution.
Small population size causes genetic drift because ofchance sampling of different alleles from one generation to the next. We can predict how much geneticdrift occurs for a given population size using binomialsampling statistics. With a population of size N, wecan estimate that 95% of the time the allele frequency(p) in the next generation will be withinthe confidence interval of p ± 1.96 (√p(1 − p)2N ),where p(1 − p)2Nis an estimate of the statistical variancein allele frequencies from one generation to the nextwith random sampling of 2N alleles each generation. a. What is the confidence interval for p = 0.5 whenN = 100,000?b. What is the confidence interval for p = 0.5 whenN = 10?c. How are the results in parts (a) and (b) related tothe consequences of a population bottleneck?
The original source of new alleles, upon which selection operates,is mutation, a random event that occurs without regard to selectionalvalue in the organism. Although many model organismshave been used to study mutational events in populations, someinvestigators have developed abiotic molecular models. Soll et al.(2006. Genetics 175:267–275) examined one such model to studythe relationship between both deleterious and advantageousmutations and population size in a ligase molecule composed ofRNA (a ribozyme). Soll found that the smaller the population ofmolecules, the more likely it was that not only deleterious mutationsbut also advantageous mutations would disappear. Whywould population size influence the survival of both types ofmutations (deleterious and advantageous) in populations?
Remember that understanding is explanations more than facts. Definitions of phenotype, genotype, allele, gene, microevolution, macroevolution Know that in humans, most of the genetic variation is observed within populations, and know why that is. Know the 4 processes of evolution (3 neutral + natural selection) Know that evolution isn't progressive and doesn't necessarily lead to more complexity Know that evolution can lead to traits that decrease survival (ex: sexual selection) Know that quantitative traits are generally influenced by (i) many genes, each having a small effect on the trait value; and (ii) the environment What is F1 like when you cross 2 homozygotic lines of peas of different colors? What is F2 like when you cross F1 individuals (remember what 9:3:3:1 is about) Know what genetic dominance is about Definitions of chromosome, nucleus, mitosis, meiosis, crossing over How many chromosomes in humans? How many pairs of chromosomes? Know and apply Hardy-Weinberg's equation…
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