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Which of the following is an example of a teratogen?
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- Retinoic acid is the main component of Tretinoin, an anti-cancer chemotherapy drug. Retinoic acid is also a known teratogen which can cause congenital anomalies in eyes, ears, hearts, lungs, limbs, and many other organ systems. Based on the organ systems that are impacted by exposure to retinoic acid, during which of the following trimesters of pregnancy are developing humans most susceptible to the teratogenic effects of retinoic acid? aFirst trimester b.Second trimester c.Third trimesterWhat kinds of studies and information are required to determine whether a man’s exposure to a potential teratogen can cause birth defects years later? How would such analysis differ if a woman were exposed?Explain why trisomy X is not a lethal condition. please do it in details
- A teratogen is an agent that produces nongenetic abnormalities during embryonic or fetal development. Suppose a teratogen is present at conception. As a result, during the first mitotic division the centromeres fail to divide. The teratogen then loses its potency and has no further effect on the embryo. What is the chromosomal complement of this embryo?The diagram in Figure 1 shows a section through the mammalian testis. With reference to this diagram answer the following questions: FIGURE 1 (a) What percentage of each of the following types of cells would you expect to contain an X chromosome. Give a REASON for your answer in each case. i) type cell A ii) type cell B (b)Name the cell type labelled B which under goes mitosis. State the importance of mitosis in a mature testis.The sperm of Panthera leo contains 19 chromosomes, which of the following is/are true about somatic cells?
- A highly talented 22-year-old female college athlete has just qualified to compete in the Summer Olympics. However, when she is required to undergo laboratory testing to measure testosterone levels, she is informed that she will not be permitted to compete because her testosterone levels are “too high for a female athlete”. Further medical and genetic testing reveal that she has a condition known as Complete Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome. She promptly hires an attorney to appeal the decision. A. What is the chromosomal sex of this female athlete? B. If she were subjected to a cytological test for the presence of a Barr body or bodies, what would typically be found on such a test performed on an individual having this condition? Please EXPLAIN why this is the case.The chromosomal abnormality that causes a man to have asexual to feminine body contours with large breasts; small penis, testes, and prostate gland; relatively little body hair; and sterility is?why is it important that the gametocytes is unique from the other?
- In humans, gametogenesis in both sexes relies on meiosis. However, spermatogenesis produces four gametes while oogenesis produces only one. Explain why this is so, including the specific structures or processes involved.Why are newborns with an abnormal sex chromosome number more likely to survive than those with an abnormal autosome number?Alcohol is the one of the most damaging teratogens, and it is also the easiest to avoid during pregnancy. It is unknown what the safe amount of alcohol consumption during pregnancy is. Therefore, it is recommended that pregnant and breastfeeding women do not consume any amount of alcohol to prevent fetal alcohol syndrome in newborns.Symptoms of the fetal alcohol syndrome include all of the following EXCEPT Select one: a. a lack of oxygen delivered to fetal lungs b. a smaller or absent corpus callosum c. a smaller birth weight, length, and head circumference d. a learning disability, personality disorder, and facial malformation