Which of the following events would tend to cause hypokalemia? A) Cell lysis B) Cell shrinkage C) Inhibition of the Na+/K+ ATPase D) Excess aldosterone release
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- For each case identify the physiological problem and explain what data you used to come to your conclusion. a) A child’s parent makes an appointment with the doctor because the child is experiencing pain in the pelvis. Also when he urinates his urine is odorless and red. The doctor tested his urine and found normal glucose levels, extra proteins but no ketones or leukocytes. b) A 38 year old, overweight pregnant woman comes in for her routine appointment. She is 28 weeks pregnant, complaining that she is constantly thirsty and saying that she spends all her time running to the bathroom. She has also been feeling more lethargic. No abnormal cells were found in her urine, pH was normal but the urine sample results revealed the presence of glucose. c) An eighty-year-old woman, who is recently having trouble with her memory, is admitted to hospital. They test her golden amber and foul-smelling urine and find the specific gravity to be higher than normal and leukocytes, as well…4. A patient shows up at the hospital with a low blood pH and high levels of CO2 and HCO3-. A) These values indicate what condition? B) Identify and explain one reason why this condition could occur. C) Explain what the kidneys are doing to compensate for this condition.Hypokalemia can cause life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. What is the underlying cause of hypokalemia in DKA and HHNKS? Question 9 options: a) Osmotic diuresis b) Prior deficit from poor nutrition c) Shift of potassium back into cell due to fluid rehydration d) Shift of potassium out of the cell due to correction of metabolic acidosis
- A) Consider membrane filtration. What is concentration polarization and why does it occur? B) What are the important parameters that affect the diffusivity in/across membranes and what do The they mean physically? C) Consider the Krogh Cylinder model. What is the physical meaning of the critical radiusand why does it occur?39) Which of the following most accurately describes the mechanism of action of a "statin"? A) Inhibits platelet aggregation B) Inhibits sodium excretion in the kidneys C) Inhibits cholesterol production in the liver D) Inhibits sodium reabsorption in the loop of HenleGlucose acts as a diuretic A) By inhibiting the release of antidiuretic hormone B) By inhibiting sodium ion reabsorption C) By inhibiting sodium ion movement in the loop of Henle D) By carrying water out of the glomerulus E) By pure serum dilution
- Number 27 please, answer choice D is underneathIf a dialysis bag containing 1% sucrose is placed in a beaker containing 25% sucrose, what would you expect to happen? (hint: only water can move in and out os the bag through osmosis, sucrose is too large; this is a hypertonic environment) A) there will be a loss in weight of the bag due to water leaving the bag B) there will be a gain in weight of the bag due to water moving into the bag C) the weight of the bag will remain the same, with water moving in both directions equally D) sucrose will break down and will move into the bag, increasing the weight of the bagIf the Tm for a particular amino acid is 220 mg/100 ml and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 130 mg/100 ml, the amino acid will Question options: a) not appear in the urine because it is too large to be filtered b) be actively secreted into the filtrate d) be completely reabsorbed by the tubule cells 回Focus English (United States)
- Why is the risk of toxicity greater for fat-soluble vitamins than water-soluble vitamins? Question 72 options: a) Fat-soluble vitamins are excreted in the urine along with water-soluble vitamins b) Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver while water-soluble vitamins are not c) Unlike water-soluble vitamins, fat-soluble vitamins are not readily excreted and can accumulate in tissue d) Fat-soluble vitamins, in supplement form, are more bioavailable, compared to water-soluble vitaminsAngiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II in the A) Lungs B) Pancreas C) Adrenal cortex D) Kidney E) Thyroid gland