Which of the following best describes the role of the hexosamine pathway in the pathogenesis of the chronic complications of diabetes mellitus? Question 79 options: a)  It involves irreversible binding of glucose to proteins, lipids and nucleic acids which damages components of the microcirculation leading to retinopathy, etc. b)  It promotes the O-linked glycosylation of proteins and transcription factors, resulting in altered gene expression contributing to insulin resistance & cardiovascular complications c)  It promotes the synthesis of DAG which increases pro-inflammatory gene expression and endothelial ET-1 production resulting in blood flow abnormalities d)  It leads to intracellular accumulation of osmotically active sorbitol and fructose which damages Schwann cells, erythrocytes and the lens of the eye

Q: Consider the communication between the hypothalamus, pituitary and various target organs when…

A: Hi! Thanks for your question. As you have posted multiple questions and have not mentioned which one…

Q: What is the ligand(signaling molecule) in a(an) insulin signaling pathway and what causes this…

A: The ligand for insulin is glucose molecules. When we intake glucose these glucose molecules in our…

Q: 30. Which type of diabetes is typically not treated with insulin? A) Type I diabetes B) Type Il…

A: Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that plays a vital role in regulating blood sugar…

Q: a) How does the body's hormonal response to short-term stress differ from the body's hormonal…

A: When the body feels some danger or threat, it responds by releasing hormones that help to manage the…

Q: Which of the following statements about the half-life of hormones is correct? a) Hormones with a…

A: The endocrine system of the body is composed of various endocrine glands and endocrine cells present…

Q: What is physiological mechanism of steroid-induced diabetes development? What treatment should be…

A: Steroid induced diabetes is defined as diabetes which is cause by steroid use.Long term steroid use…

Q: What physiological effects do individuals with acatalasemia present with?

A: Acatalasemia may be a condition defined by very low levels of associate catalyst cited as an…

Q: Explain current understanding of the pathophysiology of insulin resistance including risk factors?

A: Insulin resistance is defined as a compromised physiologic response of target tissues, notably the…

Q: Which of the following statements regarding the long-term complications of diabetes mellitus is…

A: Ans-  c) 3/10 non traumatic limb amputations are due to diabetes

Q: (Ch. 10- Endocrine System) - Which of the following statements is TRUE? a) Consuming too much sugar…

A: A intricate system of glands and organs makes up the endocrine system. Human body's metabolism,…

Q: Your client suffers from autoimmune-mediated, insulin insufficiency.  Following a large meal rich in…

A: The pancreas is found beneath the stomach. It is approx six inches long. The pancreas has a very…

Q: Which of the following statements about endocrine signalling hormones is TRUE a) They are only…

A: These can be soluble in both lipids and water. Endocrine signals can pass through blood stream but…

Q: What is meant by insulin and glucagon antagonists and how are they useful in normal body function?

A: Diabetes mellitus is a disorder that occurs due to the malfunctioning of bodily insulin. It can be…

Q: (Ch. 10 - Endocrine System) - Which of the following is FALSE about Hashimoto's disease? a) it may…

A: Hashimotos disease is very much related to the thyroid hormone secretion from the thyroid gland.…

Q: Following the revised diagnosis at age 17, she received additional treatment. How does this…

A: These include the introduction of insulin analogs and the development of new ways to deliver…

Q: Which choice properly identifies how racemic epinephrine is prepared?

A: Epinephrine is also known by the term adrenalin used to treat serious health issues like…

Q: Discuss the differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes and explain the reasons for the…

A: Disorder in which there is the abnormally high level of glucose occurs because of various reasons…

Q: People with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus are generally not ketosis prone. This is thought…

A: Introduction- Diabetes type 2 is also called as Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, it is a…

Q: )What tissue regulates both the adenohypophysis and the neurohypophysis?  Does this tissue regulate…

A: Apologies. We only answer one question at a time. we will answer the question 1  as the exact one…

Q: Lifestyle modification could be very useful for this patient. What would these modifications include…

A: Diabetes is harmons related disorder that occurs when the blood glucose level in the body increase…

Q: eanut and tree allergies are on the rise in modern, industrialized countries. Exposure to a protein…

A: IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity occurs by the peanut allergy where the exposure to the…

Q: us systems are major regulating systems of the body; however, the nervous system has been compared…

A: a) the exchange of nerve impulses and electrical signals by the nervous system. This kind of action…

Q: Describe the prevention of Diabetes Mellitus on primary, secondary, and tertiary levels and which…

A: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease caused by the insufficient production of insulin by the…

Q: Can diabetic complications be controlled by insulin therapy alone?

A: Diabetes is an illness that happens because of unresponsive insulin receptors or lesser insulin…