Which is not a property of DNA polymerase? a) It requires a primer to begin synthesis b) It adds dNTPS only in a 5' to 3' direction c) It opens the two strands of template DNA at the repliction fork d) Its exonuclease activity is used in proofreading. 6.
Gene Interactions
When the expression of a single trait is influenced by two or more different non-allelic genes, it is termed as genetic interaction. According to Mendel's law of inheritance, each gene functions in its own way and does not depend on the function of another gene, i.e., a single gene controls each of seven characteristics considered, but the complex contribution of many different genes determine many traits of an organism.
Gene Expression
Gene expression is a process by which the instructions present in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are converted into useful molecules such as proteins, and functional messenger ribonucleic (mRNA) molecules in the case of non-protein-coding genes.
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DNA replication occurs before a cell divides. During DNA replication, DNA helicase initially causes the double helical strand to separate into single strands by the formation of the replication fork at the point where the strands separate. The separated strands now act as a template for the newly synthesized strand to be formed. The enzyme primase then adds adds a short strand of nucleotides known as the primer. DNA polymerase binds to the primer and adds nucleotides to the 3' end of the primer. As DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides in the 5' to 3' direction, one strand is synthesized continuously. This strand is known as the leading strand. On the other strand (lagging strand), DNA polymerase adds nucleotides in small chunks which are known as Okazaki fragments as DNA replication occurs away from the replication fork in this strand. Once the DNA strands have been made, the enzyme exonuclease removes the RNA primers. Another DNA polymerase then replaces the RNA primers. DNA ligase then seals together the nucleotides in both the newly formed strands.
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