When we change altitude, during the next few days, the body responds by adjusting Hb cooperativity. This can be accomplished by changing the concentration of 2,3-BPG in the blood. After moving from a low altitude to a higher altitude, does 2,3,-BPG increase or decrease? Explain how this affects oxygen transport capacity

Q: Describe the differences in the oxygen-binding properties of hemoglobin and myoglobin.

A: Blood is a body fluid, present in humans and other animals. It delivers fundamental substances, like…

Q: How does an increased level of 2,3-BPG help our bodies compensate through crises of a low…

A: Blood carries oxygen throughout the blood with the help of hemoglobin, which is illustrated by the…

Q: Is the cooperative binding of oxygen by hemoglobin better described by the concerted or the…

A: Hemoglobin is the iron containing oxygen transport metalloprotein in the red blood cells of almost…

Q: List the main factors that affect the affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen?

A: The circulatory system is one of the most essential systems in the body. The function of the…

Q: At rest the typical partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood is around 40mmHg, and the ventilation…

A: The correct answer to this question is option C. i.e. both will increase.

Q: normal resting conditions, arterial Pco2 is 40 mm Hg and minu mately 6.5 L/min. If the arterial Pco2…

A: The minute ventilation will increase leads to the increase in tidal volume or respiratory rate.…

Q: Exhaled air is ordinarily at body temperature and 100% humidity (i.e., it is fully saturated with…

A: Here is the step-by-step explanation:To estimate the mass of H2O lost each day due to normal…

Q: Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse across our respiratory surface into and out of the blood via…

A: In brief, respiration is the process of the exchange of gases within the lungs. During respiration…

Q: Patients with severe uncontrolled type 1 diabetes mellitus produce large quantities of certain…

A: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic endocrine disorder that leads to an increase in the levels of…

Q: Which of the following will cause the largest increase in systemic arterial oxygen saturation in the…

A: The oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve is also known as the oxygen–hemoglobin dissociation curve. This…

Q: Lowering the pH from 7.4 to 6.8, which can occur during heavy respiration, reduces the Hill…

A: The Hill-coefficient refers to the ultrasensitivity that means steepness of oxygen and hemoglobin…

Q: Using the values provided in the table, calculate respiratory rate and MVV

A: The respiratory system is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon di-oxide between the…

Q: The fine-tuning of ventilation during exercise is     none of the answers are correct…

A: At high levels of exercise to the point of intense exercise, the pressure produced by the…

Q: . Measurements of oxygen binding by whole human blood, at 37 °C, at pH 7.4, and in the presence of…

A: Answer (a): A graph to represent oxygen-binding from the given data set is as follows:     Here,  y…

Q: Considering the quantity of hemoglobin in an erythrocyte and the oxygen-binding properties of…

A: Blood is a body fluid in other animals and humans. It supplies necessary substances to the cells,…

Q: You notice a significant increase in your rate of breathing following a hard set of bench press.…

A: Pulmonary ventilation Pulmonary means relating to the lungs or lung tissue. Pulmonary ventilation is…

Q: During quiet breathing ventilation and perfusion both vary from the top to the bottom of the lungs…

A: The ventilation rate (V) represents the amount of gas inhaled and exhaled from the lungs within a…

Q: Define the Bohr effect and describe how it explains maximal oxygen delivery to tissues in greatest…

A: The red blood cells are one of the formed elements of the blood which are suspended in the plasma.…

Q: P50 in Oxy-Hemoglobin dissociation curve represents That partial pressure(PaO2) of dissolved form at…

A: The objective of the question is to understand the meaning of P50 in the context of the…

Q: Give two reasons why highly active tissues can extractmore oxygen from the blood than less active…

A: In the highly active tissues, there is constant need for energy which is provided by mechanism of…

Q: Using the full and simplified versions of the alveolar gas equation, determine the partial pressure…

A: Understanding the concept and its importance of partial pressures of gases, particularly oxygen (O2)…

Q: Some medical conditions can cause an abnormally low concentration of H+ ions in the blood. Explain…

A: A condition of the body wherein the blood becomes excessive alkaline, is known as Metabolic…

Q: Why is oxygen efficiently transferred from hemoglobin in theblood to myoglobin in the muscles?

A: Oxygen move is impacted by the presence of cells in aging stocks. The impact relies upon the…

Q: Name the vessels (in the correct sequence) that CO2 travels in during transport. Describe what…

A: Respiration can be described as the process of movement of oxygen-rich air into the cells of the…

Q: Describe the ventilatory response to constant load, steady-state exercise. What happens to…

A: The ventilatory response can be defined as the reaction of the body that occurs as a result of…

Q: The resting O2 saturation for the subject was 98%, and it was still 98% during exercise. What…

A: Values below 95 % can indicate a health disorder and make it necessary to supply the patient with…

Q: An environment with an oxygen percent of 10% can quickly lead to unconsciousness and death. Assuming…

A: The human body is a highly aerobic organism which needs adequate oxygen supply at tissue levels to…

Q: apparently healthy individuals (e.g., no COPD), between ventilation (Ve) and cardiac output (Q), it…

A: The muscles of the body store ATP to perform various physical activities. During intense physical…

Q: How does the concept of partial pressure explain the diffusion of oxygen into our blood stream?  Why…

A: The partial pressure of oxygen, otherwise called PaO2, is an estimation of oxygen pressure in…

Q: Would breathing pure oxygen cause a large increase in oxygentransport by the blood in a healthy…

A: During the respiratory process, the oxygen must move throughout the alveolar membranes into the…

Q: . With regard to how mountain climbers adapt to the low oxygen pressure of higher altitudes, explain…

A: The mountain climber needs more oxygen because of high altitude, level of oxygen decreases.

Q: HbR is reported to have P50=14torr and a Hillcoefficient=1.2. Calculate AYO2 for a climber with HbR…

A: In the present scenario HbR =P50P50=14torrHill coefficient=1.2Thus we can calculate:…

Q: Which one of the following statements about the afferent components of the respiratory control…

A: Hypoxia causes the small pulmonary arteries to constrict and the systemic arteries to dilate. When…

Q: Which of the folloqing statements about BPG and its effect on oxygen transport is NOT true?

A: BPG and its effect on oxygen transfer 2,3 - Bisphosphoricglyceric acid is present in red blood…

Q: Keep in mind the chemical reaction: CO2 + H20 H2CO3 H* + HCO3 A patient on a mechanical respirator…

A: Alkalosis is a condition caused by an increase in the alkalinity of the blood. Blood pH should…

Q: From your graph, estimate the P50 for normal hemoglobin and the mutant corresponding to your student…

A: p50 represents the partial pressure of oxygen required to achieve 50% saturation of hemoglobin. This…

Q: In carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning, CO binds to hemoglobin, therebydecreasing the uptake of O2 by…

A: CO which is one of the ETS constituents in addition to its reprotoxic effects, CO directly to…

Q: (b) The diagram on the right compares O2-dissoci- ation curves for human hemoglobins characterized…

A: These curves depict the binding of oxygen to hemoglobin, and the various mutants of hemoglobin may…

Q: Explain the physiological mechanisms which cause Bertha respiratory rate to change during exercise…

A: The body's organ systems run regularly up in a particular way. The term "physiological mechanisms"…

Q: A patient’s oxygen saturation is tabulated below. You plan to use these data to plot a graph.…

A: The data set provided is the oxygen saturation levels of a patient at different time intervals. The…

Q: A respiratory disorder is accompanied by an increase in distance between the air sacs (alveoli) and…

A: Einstein's diffusion equation is given below.Here;'x' is the mean displacement.'D' is the diffusion…

Q: match the following descriptions/figures to either normal breathing or hyperventilation.

A: The question asked is about the physiological parameters that differentiate normal breathing from…

Q: Oxygen uptake (Fick Equation) is determined by two variables. What are they and what do they…

A: In the context of determining oxygen uptake, the Fick Equation involves two variables that play a…

Homeostasis

Homeostasis is a self-regulatory process through which different biological systems maintain constant internal environmental conditions to compensate for environmental changes. In human physiology, it is a process of self-regulating internal, chemical, and physical conditions at an optimal level for survival. The stability through homeostasis can be attained through dynamic equilibrium, in which there is a continuous change until it reaches its systemic conditions.