When light propagates from a material with a given index of refraction into a material with a smaller index of refraction, the speed of the light ▸ View Available Hint(s) O increases decreases O remains constant Submit Part B What is the minimum value that the index of refraction can have? ▸ View Available Hint(s) 0 +1 0-1 between 0 and 1 Submit
Ray Optics
Optics is the study of light in the field of physics. It refers to the study and properties of light. Optical phenomena can be classified into three categories: ray optics, wave optics, and quantum optics. Geometrical optics, also known as ray optics, is an optics model that explains light propagation using rays. In an optical device, a ray is a direction along which light energy is transmitted from one point to another. Geometric optics assumes that waves (rays) move in straight lines before they reach a surface. When a ray collides with a surface, it can bounce back (reflect) or bend (refract), but it continues in a straight line. The laws of reflection and refraction are the fundamental laws of geometrical optics. Light is an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength that falls within the visible spectrum.
Converging Lens
Converging lens, also known as a convex lens, is thinner at the upper and lower edges and thicker at the center. The edges are curved outwards. This lens can converge a beam of parallel rays of light that is coming from outside and focus it on a point on the other side of the lens.
Plano-Convex Lens
To understand the topic well we will first break down the name of the topic, ‘Plano Convex lens’ into three separate words and look at them individually.
Lateral Magnification
In very simple terms, the same object can be viewed in enlarged versions of itself, which we call magnification. To rephrase, magnification is the ability to enlarge the image of an object without physically altering its dimensions and structure. This process is mainly done to get an even more detailed view of the object by scaling up the image. A lot of daily life examples for this can be the use of magnifying glasses, projectors, and microscopes in laboratories. This plays a vital role in the fields of research and development and to some extent even our daily lives; our daily activity of magnifying images and texts on our mobile screen for a better look is nothing other than magnification.
![Is Light Reflected or Refracted?
When light propagates through two adjacent materials that have different optical properties,
some interesting phenomena occur at the interface separating the two materials. For
example, consider a ray of light that travels from air into the water of a lake. As the ray
strikes the air-water interface (the surface of the lake), it is partly reflected back into the air
and partly refracted or transmitted into the water. This explains why on the surface of a lake
sometimes you see the reflection of the surrounding landscape and other times the
underwater vegetation.
These effects on light propagation occur because light travels at different speeds
depending on the medium. The index of refraction of a material, denoted by n. gives an
indication of the speed of light in the material. It is defined as the ratio of the speed of light
e in vacuum to the speed in the material, or
Figure
incident.
ray
interface
normal
n=
등.
62
reflected
ray
refracted
ray
< 1 of 1 >
▾
Review | Constants
Now consider a ray of light that propagates from water (n = 1.33) to air (n = 1). If the incident ray strikes the water-air interface at an angle 0, 0, which of the following relations regarding the angle of refraction,
8₂, is correct?
▸ View Available Hint(s)
8₂ > 0₁
O 0₂ <0₂
0
8₂=0₁
Submit
▾ Part D
Consider a ray of light that propagates from water (n = 1.33) to glass (n = 1.52). If the incident ray strikes the water-glass interface at an angle 0, 0, which of the following relations regarding the angle of
refraction is correct?
▸ View Available Hint(s)
0₂ > 0₁
O 02₂ 0₂
O 0₁
62 = 01
Submit
Part E
4 of 22 >
Consider a ray of light that propagates from air (n = 1) to any one of the materials listed below. Assuming that the ray strikes the interface with any of the listed materials always at the same angle 8₁, in which
material will the direction of propagation of the ray change the most due to refraction?
▸ View Available Hint(s)
ice (n = 1.309)
O water (n = 1.333)
O turpentine (n = 1.472)
Oglass (n = 1.523)
O diamond (2=2.417)
P Pearson](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F34c4b764-93c2-4e6b-ada6-fe25cddef1cd%2Fd81c5e1e-c6df-41d8-9762-55c84ebbcb68%2Fu2sj37_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
![Is Light Reflected or Refracted?
When light propagates through two adjacent materials that have different optical properties,
some interesting phenomena occur at the interface separating the two materials. For
example, consider a ray of light that travels from air into the water of a lake. As the ray
strikes the air-water interface (the surface of the lake), it is partly reflected back into the air
and partly refracted or transmitted into the water. This explains why on the surface of a lake
sometimes you see the reflection of the surrounding landscape and other times the
underwater vegetation.
These effects on light propagation occur because light travels at different speeds
depending on the medium. The index of refraction of a material, denoted by n. gives an
indication of the speed of light in the material. It is defined as the ratio of the speed of light
e in vacuum to the speed in the material, or
n = {
Figure
incident
ray
interface.
€₂
reflected
ray
refracted
< 1 of 1 >
▾
When light propagates from a material with a given index of refraction into a material with a smaller index of refraction, the speed of the light
▸ View Available Hint(s)
O
increases.
O decreases.
O remains constant.
Submit
Part B
What is the minimum value that the index of refraction can have?
▸ View Available Hint(s)
O 0
O +1
O -1
O
between 0 and 1
Submit
4 of 22
An example of reflection and refraction of light is shown in the figure. (Figure 1)An incident ray of light travelling in the upper material strikes the interface with the lower material. The reflected ray travels back in the
upper material, while the refracted ray passes into the lower material. Experimental studies have shown that the incident, reflected, and refracted rays and the normal to the interface all lie in the same plane. Moreover,
the angle that the reflected ray makes with the normal to the interface, called the angle of reflection, is always equal to the angle of incidence. (Both of these angles are measured between the light ray and the normal to
the interface separating the two materials.) This is known as the law of reflection.
This is the law of refraction, also known as Snell's law.
Review | Constants
The direction of propagation of the refracted ray, instead, is given by the angle that the refracted ray makes with the normal to the interface, which is called the angle of refraction. The angle of refraction depends on the
angle of incidence and the indices of refraction of the two materials. In particular, if we let my be the index of refraction of the upper material and the index of refraction of the lower material, then the angle of
incidence, 8₁, and the angle of refraction, 2, satisfy the relation
n₁ sin ₁ = n₂ sin 02.](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F34c4b764-93c2-4e6b-ada6-fe25cddef1cd%2Fd81c5e1e-c6df-41d8-9762-55c84ebbcb68%2F6g7a0m_processed.jpeg&w=3840&q=75)
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