When considering new genes in different species, which of the following is NUT true? Duplication and divergence is a path to evolve new genes Evolution of new genes occur in both simple and complex organisms. O Mutations in duplicated genes may disrupt gene functions O New genes once emerged would not be lost over the course of evolution licnted pon

When considering new genes in different species, which of the following is NUT true? Duplication and divergence is a path to evolve new genes Evolution of new genes occur in both simple and complex organisms. O Mutations in duplicated genes may disrupt gene functions O New genes once emerged would not be lost over the course of evolution licnted pon

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter21: Microevolution: Genetic Changes Within Populations

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1TYK: The reason spontaneous mutations do not have an immediate effect on allele frequencies in a large...

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Just as anatomical homology can lead to vestigial structuressuch as human wisdom teeth and the wings of flightlessbirds, genetic homology can lead to vestigial DNA sequences.For example, most mammal species produce an enzyme,L-gulonolactone oxidase, that catalyzes the last step in the productionof vitamin C. The species that produce the enzyme areable to do so because they all inherited the gene that encodesit from a common ancestor. Humans, however, do not produceL-gulonolactone oxidase, so we can’t produce vitamin C ourselvesand must consume it in our diets. But even though wedon’t produce the enzyme, our cells do contain a stretch of DNAwith a sequence very similar to that of the enzyme-producinggene present in rats and most other mammals. The human version,though, does not encode the enzyme (or any protein). Weinherited this stretch of DNA from an ancestor that we share withother mammal species, but in us, the sequence has undergonea change that rendered it nonfunctional. (The…
a rice species low high diverged six five whole genomes gene families homologous genes Duplication a new function gene order stayed the same common ancestor Genes that are essential for survival usually have mutation rates. of an essential gene results in two copies in the genome. One copy may retain the original function while the other copy is free to evolve Duplications of genes and their subsequent alteration is thought to be the basis for or groups of similar genes with slightly different functions.. One gene, several genes, or even the can be duplicated. All cereal grasses (including rice, wheat, barley, sorghum, and corn) have blocks of that are located on two separate chromosomes. Within the blocks, is conserved, but the DNA sequences have The evidence suggests that all cereal grass species evolved from a with 12 chromosomes that are derived from a whole genome duplication in a species with chromosomes followed by other chromosome rearrangements and divergence. Reset
Polar beans unike their closast relative the Black Bear, have white fur A genetic mutation has changed the gene that codes for fur color This change in fur color has allowed this species to migrate to more northern re where it was camouftaged in the snow Based on this example, which of the following most appropriately describes genetic mutations? Mutations are unnatural processes that reduce genetic diversity O Mutations are natural processes that can increase genetic diversity O Mutations are unnatural processes that are always harmful to genetic diversity O Mutations are natural processes that always affect the physical traits of organisms
Many plants (and some animals) have defensive chemicals to protect themselves from predation. How did these compounds evolve? Choose All That Apply there was a mutation in an existing gene that resulted in a new enzyme function Oa different (or slightly altered) compound was made that was slightly toxic to other organisms O plants/animals with the toxic compound were eaten less O there was a mutation in a gene as a result of the plant/animal being eaten O presence of the toxic compound reduced the fitness of the plant/animal U the gene that codes for the enzyme that produces the toxic compound became more prevalent
Genomes from several primates have been sequenced and annotated. These primates range from chimpanzee to Rhesus monkey to Neanderthal and modern humans. What is the advantage of having so many primate sequences available to researchers? O Phenotypes can be determined from the genomes. O The primate sequences can be compared to learn about dietary trends. O The primate sequences can be used to study social behavior. Comparative genomics allows for determining evolutionary processes.
A scientist states that a group of primates has undergone genetic drift. The study of which subject would have BEST supported this statement? O selection pressures in the primates' environment O mutagens in the primates' environment O a parent population from which the primates have become separated i O a population of a distantly related primate species in the same region
Rates of evolution appear to vary in different lin-eages. For example, the rate of evolution in the rat lineageis significantly higher than in the human lineage. Theserate differences are apparent whether one looks at changesin nucleotide sequences that encode proteins and are sub-ject to selective pressure or at changes in noncoding nucle-otide sequences, which are not under obvious selectionpressure. Can you offer one or more possible explanationsfor the slower rate of evolutionary change in the humanlineage versus the rat lineage?
Many plants (and some animals) have defensive chemicals to protect themselves from predation. How did these compounds evolve? Choose All That Apply there was a mutation in an existing gene that resulted in a new enzyme function Oa different (or slightly altered) compound was made that was slightly toxic to other organisms plants/animals with the toxic compound were eaten less there was a mutation in a gene as a result of the plant/animal being eaten presence of the toxic compound reduced the fitness of the plant/animal the gene that codes for the enzyme that produces the toxic compound became more prevalent
n 12 12 of 25 Scientific evidence documents the pattern of evolution. The evidence exists in a variety of categories, including direct observation of evolutionary change, the fossil record, homology, and biogeography. Sort the following examples into the correct categories. Drag each phrase to the appropriate bin. > View Available Hint(s) Reset Help same genetic code in fireflies and tobacco plants similarities in mammalian forelimbs development of drug resistance in bacteria discovery of transitional forms of horses similarity of endemic island species to nearby mainland species vestigial pelvis in right whales discovery of shells of extinct species the high concentration of marsupial species in Australia biogeography direct observation of evolutionary change fossil record homology P Pearson 12:06 PM EX home um ik T Y U home enter 4. B shift end alt ctrl 144
DNA-sequencing studies for a gene in two closely relatedspecies produce the following numbers of sites that vary:Synonymous polymorphisms 50Nonsynonymous polymorphisms 20Synonymous species differences 18Nonsynonymous species differences 2Does this result support neutral evolution of the gene?Does it support an adaptive replacement of aminoacids? What explanation would you offer for theobservations?
The reason spontaneous mutations do not have an immediate effect on allele frequencies in a large population is that: a. mutations are random events, and mutations may be eitherbeneficial or harmful. b. mutations usually occur in males and have little effect oneggs. c. many mutations exert their effects after an organism hasstopped reproducing. d. mutations are so rare that mutated alleles are greatlyoutnumbered by nonmutated alleles. e. most mutations do not change the amino acid sequence of aprotein.
Which statement about genome evolution is false? Mutations at the ends of introns are less likely than in the middle of an intron. Synonymous mutations rates are much higher than nonsynonymous mutation rates. Psuedogenes show high rates of mutations. Comparison of the mutational change in a specific gene can be used as a molecular clock to date evolutionary events between species. Evolution in a gene sequence will occur the fastest in regions that have the greatest effect on function.