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What was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas? The first Spanish one? What happened in Jamestown in the winter of 1609-1610? What crop was introduced to settler farmers by John Rolfe? Why was it important? Why did people sign contracts to become indentured servants?

What was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas? The first Spanish one? What happened in Jamestown in the winter of 1609-1610? What crop was introduced to settler farmers by John Rolfe? Why was it important? Why did people sign contracts to become indentured servants?

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What was the first permanent English settlement in the Americas? The first Spanish one? What happened in Jamestown in the winter of 1609-1610? What crop was introduced to settler farmers by John Rolfe? Why was it important? Why did people sign contracts to become indentured servants?
The JAMESTOWN SETTLERS 27 Although Jamestown eventually survived, most of its first settlers were, let's say, misguided: They settled on an island near the river because it could be a defensive position against the Spanish, Native Americans, and others (should they approach by water), but the WATER WAS DIRTY AND UNDRINKABLE for most of the year. It was bitterly cold in winter, humid in summer, and full of DISEASE-CARRYING HOSQUITOES because of the marshy conditions. Most of the settlers were rich adventurers or explorers, not craftsmen or laborers, so they FOCUSED ON SEARCHING FOR COLD (of which there was little) instead of building houses or planting food. It is no surprise that fewer than half of the settlers survived past their first winter. 46. JOHN SMITH Jamestown was in trouble, so in 1608, CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH took charge. Smith forced people to plant and build ("Work or starve"), and Jamestown prospered. Smith developed relations with CHIEF POWHATAN, leader of the powerful local Native American group called the POWNATAN CONFEDERACY, who taught the English settlers how to grow maize and have something to eat. But... CONFEDERACY an alliance between sovereign states The STARVING TIME In 1609, about 400 more settlers arrived, including women. and children. When John Smith returned to England because of an injury, disease and famine began to take over. Only about 60 people survived the winter of 1609-1610 (THE STARVING TIME). People were so hungry they ate anything in reach (maybe even each other). Relations with the Native Americans fell apart. Concerned about the fate of Jamestown, in 1610 the Virginia Company of London sent them a new governor, LORD DE LA WARR ("Delaware" was named for him later), to set things right again. Jamestown was the first permanent ENGLISH settlement in North America. The Spanish town of St. Augustine,. Florida (remember: explorer Ponce de Léon), was the first permanent SPANISH settlement in North America. 47
Transcribed Image Text:The JAMESTOWN SETTLERS 27 Although Jamestown eventually survived, most of its first settlers were, let's say, misguided: They settled on an island near the river because it could be a defensive position against the Spanish, Native Americans, and others (should they approach by water), but the WATER WAS DIRTY AND UNDRINKABLE for most of the year. It was bitterly cold in winter, humid in summer, and full of DISEASE-CARRYING HOSQUITOES because of the marshy conditions. Most of the settlers were rich adventurers or explorers, not craftsmen or laborers, so they FOCUSED ON SEARCHING FOR COLD (of which there was little) instead of building houses or planting food. It is no surprise that fewer than half of the settlers survived past their first winter. 46. JOHN SMITH Jamestown was in trouble, so in 1608, CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH took charge. Smith forced people to plant and build ("Work or starve"), and Jamestown prospered. Smith developed relations with CHIEF POWHATAN, leader of the powerful local Native American group called the POWNATAN CONFEDERACY, who taught the English settlers how to grow maize and have something to eat. But... CONFEDERACY an alliance between sovereign states The STARVING TIME In 1609, about 400 more settlers arrived, including women. and children. When John Smith returned to England because of an injury, disease and famine began to take over. Only about 60 people survived the winter of 1609-1610 (THE STARVING TIME). People were so hungry they ate anything in reach (maybe even each other). Relations with the Native Americans fell apart. Concerned about the fate of Jamestown, in 1610 the Virginia Company of London sent them a new governor, LORD DE LA WARR ("Delaware" was named for him later), to set things right again. Jamestown was the first permanent ENGLISH settlement in North America. The Spanish town of St. Augustine,. Florida (remember: explorer Ponce de Léon), was the first permanent SPANISH settlement in North America. 47
JOHN ROLFE JOHN ROLFE, one of the successful settlers at Jamestown, was the first colonist to cultivate tobacco for export. A cash crop initially grown mainly in the West Indies, tobacco was hugely profitable for the Virginia Company, and therefore made the settlement profitable for the first time. In 1614, John Rolfe married POCAHONTAS, the daughter of Chief Powhatan, improving the relationship between the English and the Native Americans. KBUT ONLY TEMPORARILY GET YOUR JOHNS STRAIGHT (DON'T LISTEN TO THE LEGENDS) John ROLFE married Pocahontas. Although briefly captured by her tribe, John SMITH may or may not have been rescued by Pocahontas. Most historians believe John Smith exaggerated or completely made up the story about the princess. TOBACCO EXPANDS Tobacco became a popular cash crop. People in England knew how valuable it was and demanded that the Virginia Company give them a cut of the profit. Instead, the company gave them land: Under the HEADRIGHT SYSTEM (your RIGHT per HEAD), any man who paid his way across the ocean was granted 50 acres of land in Virginia and 50 more acres for each person (head) he brought with him, including women and servants. It was a major incentive to grow tobacco. The English needed more labor for their tobacco plantations. A primary source was INDENTURED SERVITUDE Indentured servants, often from 48 INDENTURED SERVITUDE the condition of being a contracted laborer: Britain or Germany, signed a contract for four to seven years of service in exchange for passage across the Atlantic. After the time was up, they were free to make a new life. Indentured servitude was outpaced by the growth of the slave trade, which was legalized in Virginia in the 1660s. With more and more tobacco being grown, lifelong slaves began to replace temporary servants. BURGESS The HOUSE of BURGESSES In 1619, the HOUSE OF BURGESSES, a LEGISLATIVE body, held its first annual assembly. Under the overall governance of the Virginia Company, the people had their own REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT a citizen representative in local governiment LEGISLATIVE having the function of making laws and, in reference to the House of Burgesses, imposing taxes. A ROYAL MESS REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT government with elected representatives of the citizens In 1622, the Powhatan people became increasingly concerned about the tobacco farms taking up all the land along the James River. When an Englishman murdered a member of the tribe, the Powhatan launched a military campaign. March 22, they attacked and killed a quarter of the English population. Vicious fighting continued for 20 years. 49.
Transcribed Image Text:JOHN ROLFE JOHN ROLFE, one of the successful settlers at Jamestown, was the first colonist to cultivate tobacco for export. A cash crop initially grown mainly in the West Indies, tobacco was hugely profitable for the Virginia Company, and therefore made the settlement profitable for the first time. In 1614, John Rolfe married POCAHONTAS, the daughter of Chief Powhatan, improving the relationship between the English and the Native Americans. KBUT ONLY TEMPORARILY GET YOUR JOHNS STRAIGHT (DON'T LISTEN TO THE LEGENDS) John ROLFE married Pocahontas. Although briefly captured by her tribe, John SMITH may or may not have been rescued by Pocahontas. Most historians believe John Smith exaggerated or completely made up the story about the princess. TOBACCO EXPANDS Tobacco became a popular cash crop. People in England knew how valuable it was and demanded that the Virginia Company give them a cut of the profit. Instead, the company gave them land: Under the HEADRIGHT SYSTEM (your RIGHT per HEAD), any man who paid his way across the ocean was granted 50 acres of land in Virginia and 50 more acres for each person (head) he brought with him, including women and servants. It was a major incentive to grow tobacco. The English needed more labor for their tobacco plantations. A primary source was INDENTURED SERVITUDE Indentured servants, often from 48 INDENTURED SERVITUDE the condition of being a contracted laborer: Britain or Germany, signed a contract for four to seven years of service in exchange for passage across the Atlantic. After the time was up, they were free to make a new life. Indentured servitude was outpaced by the growth of the slave trade, which was legalized in Virginia in the 1660s. With more and more tobacco being grown, lifelong slaves began to replace temporary servants. BURGESS The HOUSE of BURGESSES In 1619, the HOUSE OF BURGESSES, a LEGISLATIVE body, held its first annual assembly. Under the overall governance of the Virginia Company, the people had their own REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT a citizen representative in local governiment LEGISLATIVE having the function of making laws and, in reference to the House of Burgesses, imposing taxes. A ROYAL MESS REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT government with elected representatives of the citizens In 1622, the Powhatan people became increasingly concerned about the tobacco farms taking up all the land along the James River. When an Englishman murdered a member of the tribe, the Powhatan launched a military campaign. March 22, they attacked and killed a quarter of the English population. Vicious fighting continued for 20 years. 49.
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