What was a key finding from research that contributed to the widely accepted fact that smoking leads to an increased lung cancer risk? (Choose the best answer)

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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  1. What was a key finding from research that contributed to the widely accepted fact that smoking leads to an increased lung cancer risk? (Choose the best answer)

     
    1. The retrospective data showed that smoking or not was a difference in past habits between those with cancer and those without. Patients who had lung cancer were 17 times to 1 more likely to smoke more than 2 packs a day. 

       
    2. In a prospective study, researchers surveyed two hundred thousand people about their smoking habits and then kept track of them for 4 years. The data indicated that people who smoke cigarettes had a lung cancer rate that was 10 times larger than those who had never smoked.

       
    3. Rsearchers in a lab painted tar on animals and tracked whether they got cancerwhile controlling for all extraneous variables. The animals they covered in tar were more likely to contract cancer.

       
    4. All of the above studies contributed to this now-accepted knowledge.

       
    5. None of the above. These studies are not controlled enough to contribute valuable knowledge.

       

 

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