Answered: What type of melting point range is…

What type of melting point range is expected for a pure solid? What type of melting point range is expecting for an impure solid?

World of Chemistry, 3rd edition

3rd Edition

ISBN:9781133109655

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter14: Liquids And Solids

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 16A

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An amorphous solid can sometimes be converted to a crystalline solid by a process called annealing. Annealing consists of heating the substance to a temperature just below the melting point of the crystalline form and then cooling it slowly. Explain why this process helps produce a crystalline solid.
The molar heat of vaporization of substance X is 34kJ/mol; of substance Y, 27kJ/mol. Which substance would be expected to have the higher normal boiling point? The higher vapor pressure at 25C?
What feature characterizes the dynamic equilibrium between a liquid and its vapor in a closed container?
Using the explanation of unbalanced forces as the source of surface tension, justify why it requires energy to increase the surface area of a liquid. Is there any circumstance in which energy is given off when increasing a liquids surface area?
Consider the following data for xenon: Triple point: 121C, 280 torr Normal melting point: 112C Normal boiling point: 107C Which is more dense, Xe(s) or Xe(l)? How do the melting point and boiling point of xenon depend on pressure?
The molar heats of fusion and vaporization for water are 6.02kJ/moland 40.6kJ/molrespectively, and The specific heat capacity of liquid water is 4.18J/gC. What quantity of heat energy is required to melt 25.0gof ice at 0C? What quantity of heat is required for vaporize 37.5gof liquid water at 100C? What quantity of heat is required to warm 55.2gof liquid water from 0Cto 100C?
The phase diagram for water over a relative narrow pressure and temperature range is given in Figure 9.19. A phase diagram over a considerably wider range of temperature and pressure (kbar) is given nearby. This phase diagram illustrates the polymorphism of ice, the existence of a solid in more than one form. In this case, Roman numerals are used to designate each polymorphic form. For example, Ice I, ordinary ice, is the form that exists under ordinary pressures. The other forms exist only at higher pressures, in some cases extremely high pressure such as Ice VII and Ice VIII. Using the phase diagram, give the approximate P and T conditions at the triple point for Ice III, Ice V, and liquid water. Determine the approximate temperature and pressure for the triple point for Ices VI, VII, and VIII. What is anomalously different about the fusion curves for Ice VI and Ice VII compared to that of Ice I? What phases exist at 8 kbar and 20 °C? At a constant temperature of −10 °C, start at 3 kbar and increase the pressure to 7 kbar. Identify all the phase changes that occur sequentially as these conditions change. Explain why there is no triple point for the combination of Ice VII, Ice VIII, and liquid water.
Dry ice, CO2(s) , does not melt at atmospheric pressure. It sublimes at a temperature of 78 °C. What is the lowest pressure at which CO2(s) will melt to give CO2(l) ? At approximately what temperature will this occur? (See Figure 10.34 for the phase diagram.)
Given the following data about xenon, normalboilingpoint=108Cnormalmeltingpoint=112Ctriplepoint=121Cat281mmHgcriticalpoint=16.6Cat58atm (a) Construct an approximate phase diagram for xenon. (b) Estimate the vapor pressure of xenon at -115C. (c) Is the density of solid Xe larger than that for liquid Xe?
It is a hot summer day, and Chris wants a glass of lemonade. There is none in the refrigerator, so a new batch is prepared from freshly squeezed lemons. When finished, there are 175g of lemonade at 23C. That is not a very refreshing temperature, so it must be cooled with ice. But Chris doesnt like ice in lemonade Therefore, just enough ice is used to cool the lemonade to 5C. Of course, the ice will melt and reach the same temperature. If the ice starts melting at 8C, and if the specific heat of lemonade is the same as that of water, how many grams of ice does Chris use? Assume there is no heat transfer to or from the surroundings. Answer in two significant figures.