What statistical method would be most appropriate for addressing the research questions?  Be sure to provide justification of the statistical method.  When a statistical test is needed, provide appropriate null and research hypotheses. A study investigating the effects of second-hand smoke in working environments asked the following question: “How often do you experience second-hand smoke in a work environment/function? Never, Occasionally, Fairly Often, Very Often, Almost Always.”  The question was asked of managers and employees to determine whether there was an association between position and the amount of second-hand smoke exposure.  The responses to the questions were grouped into Little/Non and Often, where Little/None was defined as responses of Never or Occasionally and Often was defined as responses of Fairly Often, Very Often, and Almost Always.

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Consider the following research questions/study scenarios. For each study, discuss the most appropriate methods for describing the data (graphically and numerically).  What statistical method would be most appropriate for addressing the research questions?  Be sure to provide justification of the statistical method.  When a statistical test is needed, provide appropriate null and research hypotheses.

  1. A study investigating the effects of second-hand smoke in working environments asked the following question: “How often do you experience second-hand smoke in a work environment/function? Never, Occasionally, Fairly Often, Very Often, Almost Always.”  The question was asked of managers and employees to determine whether there was an association between position and the amount of second-hand smoke exposure.  The responses to the questions were grouped into Little/Non and Often, where Little/None was defined as responses of Never or Occasionally and Often was defined as responses of Fairly Often, Very Often, and Almost Always.  Additionally, the time in which subjects were on the job (<2 years and ≥ 2 years) was thought to be a factor.
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