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What overall themes can be seen in the attached images of Horst Wessel at the Head of his Storm Troops in Nuremburg (August 1929), "Hitler, the Government Councilor, Swears on the Weimar Constitution of Dr. Hugo Preuss" (March 1932) and "First a German, then a Civil Servant" (July 31, 1933)?

What overall themes can be seen in the attached images of Horst Wessel at the Head of his Storm Troops in Nuremburg (August 1929), "Hitler, the Government Councilor, Swears on the Weimar Constitution of Dr. Hugo Preuss" (March 1932) and "First a German, then a Civil Servant" (July 31, 1933)?

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What overall themes can be seen in the attached images of Horst Wessel at the Head of his Storm Troops in Nuremburg (August 1929), "Hitler, the Government Councilor, Swears on the Weimar Constitution of Dr. Hugo Preuss" (March 1932) and "First a German, then a Civil Servant" (July 31, 1933)?

**"Hitler, the Government Councilor, Swears on the Weimar Constitution of Dr. Hugo Preuss" (March 1932)** On February 25, 1932, Hitler was appointed councilor [Regierungsrat] in the state government of Braunschweig. It was a minor post, but the appointment involved the conferral of German citizenship, which made him eligible to run for president. This satire shows Hitler taking the citizenship oath and swearing to uphold the Weimar Constitution. Drawing by Andreas Paul Weber, from *Widerstand* (March 1932). *Cartoon Description:* The cartoon depicts Hitler taking an oath with his hand on a book labeled "CITIZENSHIP LAW." He stands in front of a portrait, symbolizing the official nature of the oath. **"First a German, then a Civil Servant" (July 31, 1933)** The race laws of April 7, 1933, were part of the National Socialist "coordination" [Gleichschaltung] of all public authorities. They signaled the end of legal equality for German Jews. From that point on, all employees in the civil service, the administration, and the judicial system would have to present a so-called certification of Aryan ancestry [Ariernachweis]. Subsequent decrees forced Jews out of more and more branches of professional activity. Whereas a large part of the German population reacted with aversion or passivity to the SA’s "rabble-rousing" or "hooligan" anti-Semitism [Radau-Antisemitismus], many Germans welcomed the exclusion of Jews from particular professions and hoped to benefit from it economically. The photograph shows an event organized by the Reich Union of German Civil Servants in Hamburg. The banner suspended from the balcony reads: "First a German, then a Civil Servant." Photo by Joseph Schorer. *Photograph Description:* The photo captures an assembly or meeting with swastika symbols prominently displayed. Attendees are in formal or uniform attire, gathered under a large banner with the phrase "Erst Deutscher, dann Beamter," meaning "First a German, then a Civil Servant." This depicts the alignment of civil service with Nazi racial policies.
Transcribed Image Text:**"Hitler, the Government Councilor, Swears on the Weimar Constitution of Dr. Hugo Preuss" (March 1932)** On February 25, 1932, Hitler was appointed councilor [Regierungsrat] in the state government of Braunschweig. It was a minor post, but the appointment involved the conferral of German citizenship, which made him eligible to run for president. This satire shows Hitler taking the citizenship oath and swearing to uphold the Weimar Constitution. Drawing by Andreas Paul Weber, from *Widerstand* (March 1932). *Cartoon Description:* The cartoon depicts Hitler taking an oath with his hand on a book labeled "CITIZENSHIP LAW." He stands in front of a portrait, symbolizing the official nature of the oath. **"First a German, then a Civil Servant" (July 31, 1933)** The race laws of April 7, 1933, were part of the National Socialist "coordination" [Gleichschaltung] of all public authorities. They signaled the end of legal equality for German Jews. From that point on, all employees in the civil service, the administration, and the judicial system would have to present a so-called certification of Aryan ancestry [Ariernachweis]. Subsequent decrees forced Jews out of more and more branches of professional activity. Whereas a large part of the German population reacted with aversion or passivity to the SA’s "rabble-rousing" or "hooligan" anti-Semitism [Radau-Antisemitismus], many Germans welcomed the exclusion of Jews from particular professions and hoped to benefit from it economically. The photograph shows an event organized by the Reich Union of German Civil Servants in Hamburg. The banner suspended from the balcony reads: "First a German, then a Civil Servant." Photo by Joseph Schorer. *Photograph Description:* The photo captures an assembly or meeting with swastika symbols prominently displayed. Attendees are in formal or uniform attire, gathered under a large banner with the phrase "Erst Deutscher, dann Beamter," meaning "First a German, then a Civil Servant." This depicts the alignment of civil service with Nazi racial policies.
**Horst Wessel at the Head of his Storm Troops in Nuremberg (August 1929)** *Photographer: Heinrich Hoffmann* This image features Horst Wessel leading a group of Storm Troopers, also known as the SA (Sturmabteilung), during a parade in Nuremberg in August 1929. The uniformed men are marching in formation, carrying flags prominently displaying the swastika symbol. Surrounding them are onlookers, some raising their arms in salute. The backdrop showcases historical architecture typical of Nuremberg, with a prominent equestrian statue visible. The gathered crowd lines the streets, illustrating the public nature of such events during this period in history. **Educational Context:** This photograph is an important historical document, illustrating the mobilization and public presence of the SA, a paramilitary organization associated with the Nazi Party during Germany's interwar period. It provides insight into the methods of propaganda and popular engagement employed by the Nazi regime.
Transcribed Image Text:**Horst Wessel at the Head of his Storm Troops in Nuremberg (August 1929)** *Photographer: Heinrich Hoffmann* This image features Horst Wessel leading a group of Storm Troopers, also known as the SA (Sturmabteilung), during a parade in Nuremberg in August 1929. The uniformed men are marching in formation, carrying flags prominently displaying the swastika symbol. Surrounding them are onlookers, some raising their arms in salute. The backdrop showcases historical architecture typical of Nuremberg, with a prominent equestrian statue visible. The gathered crowd lines the streets, illustrating the public nature of such events during this period in history. **Educational Context:** This photograph is an important historical document, illustrating the mobilization and public presence of the SA, a paramilitary organization associated with the Nazi Party during Germany's interwar period. It provides insight into the methods of propaganda and popular engagement employed by the Nazi regime.
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