States of Matter
The substance that constitutes everything in the universe is known as matter. Matter comprises atoms which in turn are composed of electrons, protons, and neutrons. Different atoms combine together to give rise to molecules that act as a foundation for all kinds of substances. There are five states of matter based on their energies of attraction, namely solid, liquid, gases, plasma, and BEC (Bose-Einstein condensates).
Chemical Reactions and Equations
When a chemical species is transformed into another chemical species it is said to have undergone a chemical reaction. It consists of breaking existing bonds and forming new bonds by changing the position of electrons. These reactions are best explained using a chemical equation.
A sample of brass weighing 1.203 grams was analyzed. Brass is an alloy composed of copper, Cu, and zinc, Zn. The zinc in the alloy was reacted with 35.123 grams of hydrochloric acid, HCl, in excess, according to the following balanced equation:
Zn(s) + 2 HCl (aq) → H2 (g) + ZnCl2 (aq)
After all of the zinc reacted, the mass of the remaining solution weighed 36.309 grams.
- What mass of hydrogen gas was produced?
- What mass of zinc reacted?
- What was the percentage of zinc (by mass) in the alloy?
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