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Biology

What key structural features of the DNA molecule underlie its ability to be faithfully replicated?

Concepts of Biology

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168116

Author:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Publisher:Samantha Fowler, Rebecca Roush, James Wise

Chapter10: Biotechnology

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 10CTQ: What is the purpose and benefit of the polymerase chain reaction?

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What features of the structure of DNA enable it to be replicated?
The amount of DNA in eukaryotic cells is significantly greater than in prokaryotes. With this in mind, how is the eukaryotic DNA replicated in a timely, synchronous fashion?
Mismatches introduced during DNA replication are detected and repaired efficiently by the “Mut” system of E. coli. (A) Please outline the steps in mismatch detection and repair by this system. (B) What is the historical reason for naming these genes “Mut” in the first place? (C) How might you identify bacterial strains with defects in the “Mut” system? (D) It has been observed that recombination-deficient mutations are usually lethal when they are combined with mutations in the mismatch repair pathway you just described. Why is that?
A temperature sensitive mutant is isolated where at the non-permissive temperature replication stops relatively slowly and when the DNA is analyzed it appears to have extra twists ahead of the replication forks. What protein is most likely mutated? a)DnaA b)DNA polymerase I c)DNA gyrase d) DNA polymerase III
What enzymatic features of DNA polymerase prevent it from replicating one of the DNA strands at the ends of linear chromosomes? Compared with DNA polymerase, how is telomerase different in its ability to synthesize a DNA strand? What does telomerase use as its template for the synthesis of a DNA strand? How does the use of this template result in a telomere sequence that is tandemly repetitive?
Which of the following enzymes remove supercoiling in replicating DNA ahead of the replication fork?a) DNA polymerasesb) Helicasesc) Primasesd) Topoisomerases
How many unique primers are required to amplify a single DNA target region? a) 1 b) 2 c) 4 d) number varies according to length of target region
a) "Out of three E.coli DNA polymerases, DNA polymerases 3 has a high processivity and rate of polymerization and therefore better suited for replication of the genome" What is meant by processivity? how does the DNA polymerase 3 maintain high processivity? b) What is a replication fork ?. Give the protein/enzymes of a replication fork and describe their function?
Which of the following reactions is required for proofreading during DNA replication by DNA polymerase III?a) 5’ to 3’ exonuclease activityb) 3’ to 5’ exonuclease activityc) 3’ to 5’ endonuclease activityd) 5’ to 3’ endonuclease activity
Describe the structural features of DNA that enable it to be replicated.
Which of the following is false when considering repetitive DNA? a) STRs are the same as microsatellite DNA. b) STRs are the same as SNPs. c) STRs can occur in introns and in regions between genes. d) Tandem means two or more repeats next to each other.
a) Give a definition of STRs. b) Must each copy of a chromosome have the same number of repeats? c) How many STRs does the FBI use for identification in a criminal case?