Electronic Effects
The effect of electrons that are located in the chemical bonds within the atoms of the molecule is termed an electronic effect. The electronic effect is also explained as the effect through which the reactivity of the compound in one portion is controlled by the electron repulsion or attraction producing in another portion of the molecule.
Drawing Resonance Forms
In organic chemistry, resonance may be a mental exercise that illustrates the delocalization of electrons inside molecules within the valence bond theory of octet bonding. It entails creating several Lewis structures that, when combined, reflect the molecule's entire electronic structure. One Lewis diagram cannot explain the bonding (lone pair, double bond, octet) elaborately. A hybrid describes a combination of possible resonance structures that represents the entire delocalization of electrons within the molecule.
Using Molecular Structure To Predict Equilibrium
Equilibrium does not always imply an equal presence of reactants and products. This signifies that the reaction reaches a point when reactant and product quantities remain constant as the rate of forward and backward reaction is the same. Molecular structures of various compounds can help in predicting equilibrium.
![### Acid/Base Reaction with Phenol and Sodium Methoxide
**Question**: What is/are the product(s) of the following acid/base reaction?
**Reactants**:
- Phenol (Benzene ring with an -OH group)
- Sodium methoxide (NaOCH₃)
**Hint**: Draw resonance structures!!
**Possible Products**:
The following structures are provided as possible products of the reaction:
**(A)** A benzene ring bonded to a negatively charged oxygen atom in a carbonyl group (resonance structure with a negative charge delocalized).
**(B)** A benzene ring bonded to a -OCH₃ group via another oxygen atom connected to a hydrogen atom (likely indicating a methoxy group addition with a proton).
**(C)** A benzene ring bonded to a carbonyl group.
**(D)** A benzene ring bonded to a negatively charged oxygen atom in a carbonyl group (another resonance structure).
### Explanation of Graphs/Diagrams:
In the provided image:
- The **reactant side** consists of a benzene ring with an -OH group (phenol), and sodium methoxide (NaOCH₃) is the reagent.
- The **product side** shows four possible chemical structures (A, B, C, D) that could result from the reaction between phenol and sodium methoxide, highlighting the importance of understanding resonance structures in predicting the correct product.
Understanding the resonance structures will be key to determining the correct product(s) from the reaction. Make sure to analyze how the negative charge might distribute itself in the benzene ring and how it interacts with the methoxide ion to form the correct product(s).](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2F1ca2b2e2-412c-4f12-8bdf-9b458afbcb62%2F9ac1d435-f28c-420c-acef-a772e60eb2de%2Fy2sk20q_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
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