What is used as a similarity parameter to help determine whether the flow in a body and its scaled version are aerodynamically similar? Similarity Coefficient Mach Number Skin Friction Drag Coefficient Reynolds Number
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What is used as a similarity parameter to help determine whether the flow in a body and its scaled version are aerodynamically similar?
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- proto- 7-39 A student team is to design a human-powered subma- rine for a design competition. The overall length of the p type submarine is 2.24 m, and its student designers hope that it can travel fully submerged through water at 0.520 m/s. The water is freshwater (a lake) at T = 15°C. The design team builds a one-eighth scale model to test in their university's wind tunnel (Fig. P7-39). A shield surrounds the drag bal- V Po, P FLOUR Wind tunnel test section Model Shield E FD Drag balance Strut(b) A wind-tunnel experiment is performed on a small 1:5 linear-scale model of a car, in order to assess the drag force F on a new full-size car design. A dimensionless "drag coefficient" Ca is defined by C, =- pu'A where A is the maximum cross-sectional area of the car in the flow. With the model car, a force of 3 N was recorded at a flow velocity u of 6 m s. Assuming that flow conditions are comparable (i.e., at the same Reynolds number), calculate the expected drag force for the full-sized car when the flow velocity past it is 31 m s (equivalent to 70 miles per hour). [The density of air p= 1.2 kg m.]The drag force of a new sports car is to be predicted at a speed of 65 mi/h at an air temperature of 25 C. Automotive engineers build a 0.333333333333333 scale model of the car to test in a wind tunnel. The temperature of the wind tunnel air is also 25 C. Determine how fast (in mi/h) the engineers should run the wind tunnel to achieve similarity between the model and the prototype.
- The following equation may be used to estimate the take-off ground run for an aircraft: Equation has been attached as an image. Calculate the take-off ground run, from a runway at ISA-SL conditions, for a twin engine aircraft for which the following data may be assumed Aircraft lift-off speed 155 knots Max take-off gross weight 220 tonnes Wing planform area (S) 358 m Wing CL (t/o flaps deployed, a = 0) 1.1 Wing span 53.18 m Oswald efficiency factor, e 0.7 KGE = CD(IGE) / Co(OGE) 0.4 Co sum (fuselage, wing, tailplane and nacelle) 0.015 Co for undercarriage 0.021 Co for flaps at taking-off setting 0.0073 Coefficient of rolling friction, u 0.02 Engine thrust (assumed constant) 310 kN per engine It may be assumed that 1knot = 0.51444 m/s It may be assumed that 1knot = 0.51444 m/s2. Outcomes 1 and 4.Show and explain all work. You must show and explain all work. The drag on the hull of a sailboat can be shown to depend on the boat velocity V, the water density p and viscosity μ, the length of the hull f, and the acceleration due to gravity g. JIH Class 40 Racing Yacht. 30Some students want to visualize flow over a spinning baseball. Their fluids laboratory has a nice water tunnel into which they can inject multicolored dye streaklines, so they decide to test a spinning baseball in the water tunnel. Similarity requires that they match both the Rey n olds number and the Strouhal number between their model test and the actual baseball that moves through the air at 90 mi/h and spins at 300 rpm. Both the air and the water are at 68°F. At what speed should they run the water in the water tunnel, and at what rpm should they spin their baseball?
- > | E9 docs.google.com/form تبديل الحساب Questions 7 نقاط Q1/ The power of 6-blade flat blade turbine agitator in a tank is a function of diameter of impeller, number of rotations of the impeller per unit time, viscosity and density of liquid. From a dimensional analysis, obtain a relation between the power and the four variables. 3. صفحة 2 منWind tunnel test section km/h Model FD Moving belt Drag balance The aerodynamic drag of a new Volvo FH truck is to be predicted at a speed of 85 km/h at an air temperature of 25°C (p=1.184 kg/m³, u=1.849x10-5kg/m-s). Volvo engineers build a 1/2 scale model of the FH to test in a wind tunnel. The temperature of the wind tunnel is also 25°C. The drag force is measured with a drag balance, and the moving belt is used to simulate the moving ground. Determine how fast the engineers should run the wind tunnel to achieve similarity between the model and the prototype.Dimensional analysis: O Is very helpful in determining speeds for dynamic similarity in model testing O Is an efficient way of storing and retrieving experimental data All responses are correct Helps in planning experiments Can be used to derive equations and non-dimensional numbers
- 3. Problem Estimate the frictional resistance Rp for a container ship using the ITTC 1957 model-ship correlation line Equation (2): 0.075 CF [ log,,(Re) – 21 The ship has the following particulars: Full scale ship data length between perpendiculars Lep length in waterline length over wetted surface 195.40 m Lwz Los For the wetted surface S you can use the following formula by Kristensen and Lützen (2012) derived for container ships. 200.35 m 205.65 m breadth B 29.80 m draft T 10.10 m 37085.01 m3 S = 5 + Lw. T 0.995 displacement design speed Again, use the most up-to-date ITTC water properties sheet for density and kinematic viscosity. V 21.00 knAn underwater device which is 2m long is to be moved at 4 m/sec. If a geometrically similar model 40 cm long is tested in a variable pressure wind tunnel at a speed of 60 m/sec with the following information, Poir at Standard atmospheric pressure = 1.18kg/m³ Pwater = 998kg/m3 Hair = 1.80 x 10-5 Pa-s at local atmospheric pressure and Hwater = 1 × 10-3 Pa-s then the pressure of the air in the model used times local atmospheric pressure isGiven the following measurements of velocity for a falling object with m = 3kg: v, meters/seconds t, seconds 0 -1.424 -2.778 -4.068 -5.274 -6.426 -7.519 0 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 0.30 Use 4th Order Runge-Kutta to approximate the coefficient of drag, k, given the model: mv' = -mg - kv Approximate the terminal velocity and the time to reach terminal velocity of the falling object. Use g = 9.81m/s².