Answered: What is the null hypothesis? Why do we…

Glencoe Algebra 1, Student Edition, 9780079039897, 0079039898, 2018

18th Edition

ISBN:9780079039897

Author:Carter

Publisher:Carter

Chapter10: Statistics

Section10.3: Measures Of Spread

Problem 1GP

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What is the null hypothesis? Why do we want to reject our null hypothesis? The first step is the find the mean of our sample and compare it to the "hypothesized" mean of our null hypothesis—why do we do that? We use the results of our first step to calculate a test-statistic. Why is this important and how does it relate to the concept of z-score, which we learned a few weeks ago? What is a p-value? What role does it play in the rejection of the null hypothesis? What does it mean to reject the null hypothesis? Does that guarantee that the null hypothesis is false?

Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...

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