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What is the key equation used in calorimetry experiments?

What is the key equation used in calorimetry experiments?

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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**Title: Key Equation Used in Calorimetry Experiments** **Question:** What is the key equation used in calorimetry experiments? **Options:** 1. \( d = \frac{m}{V} \) 2. \( q_{\text{rxn}} = -q_{\text{cal}} \) 3. At endpoint, mol acid = mol base 4. \( A = \epsilon b C \) **Explanation:** 1. **Option 1: \( d = \frac{m}{V} \)** - This equation is used to calculate the density of a substance, where \( d \) is density, \( m \) is mass, and \( V \) is volume. 2. **Option 2: \( q_{\text{rxn}} = -q_{\text{cal}} \)** - This is the key equation used in calorimetry. It states that the heat of the reaction (\( q_{\text{rxn}} \)) is equal to the negative of the heat absorbed by the calorimeter (\( q_{\text{cal}} \)). This principle is based on the law of conservation of energy, implying that the energy lost by the system must be gained by the surroundings. 3. **Option 3: At endpoint, mol acid = mol base** - This statement is relevant to titration experiments and not specific to calorimetry. It indicates that at the endpoint of a titration, the amount of moles of acid equals the amount of moles of base. 4. **Option 4: \( A = \epsilon b C \)** - This equation is known as Beer's Law in spectroscopy, where \( A \) is absorbance, \( \epsilon \) is molar absorptivity, \( b \) is path length, and \( C \) is concentration. **Correct Answer:** - The correct answer is **Option 2: \( q_{\text{rxn}} = -q_{\text{cal}} \)**. This equation is essential for understanding and calculating the energy changes occurring during chemical reactions in calorimetry experiments.
Transcribed Image Text:**Title: Key Equation Used in Calorimetry Experiments** **Question:** What is the key equation used in calorimetry experiments? **Options:** 1. \( d = \frac{m}{V} \) 2. \( q_{\text{rxn}} = -q_{\text{cal}} \) 3. At endpoint, mol acid = mol base 4. \( A = \epsilon b C \) **Explanation:** 1. **Option 1: \( d = \frac{m}{V} \)** - This equation is used to calculate the density of a substance, where \( d \) is density, \( m \) is mass, and \( V \) is volume. 2. **Option 2: \( q_{\text{rxn}} = -q_{\text{cal}} \)** - This is the key equation used in calorimetry. It states that the heat of the reaction (\( q_{\text{rxn}} \)) is equal to the negative of the heat absorbed by the calorimeter (\( q_{\text{cal}} \)). This principle is based on the law of conservation of energy, implying that the energy lost by the system must be gained by the surroundings. 3. **Option 3: At endpoint, mol acid = mol base** - This statement is relevant to titration experiments and not specific to calorimetry. It indicates that at the endpoint of a titration, the amount of moles of acid equals the amount of moles of base. 4. **Option 4: \( A = \epsilon b C \)** - This equation is known as Beer's Law in spectroscopy, where \( A \) is absorbance, \( \epsilon \) is molar absorptivity, \( b \) is path length, and \( C \) is concentration. **Correct Answer:** - The correct answer is **Option 2: \( q_{\text{rxn}} = -q_{\text{cal}} \)**. This equation is essential for understanding and calculating the energy changes occurring during chemical reactions in calorimetry experiments.
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