Chapter 2 Study Guide
The Immune System
What is the inflammatory response?
Inflammatory response is a physiological response to infection and/or tissue injury.
What happens during the response
What cells are most activated in response to allergies? What do they release? What drugs are effective against them?
What is an antigen? An antigen is a molecule that provokes a specific immune response
What is the role of the bone marrow in the immune system?
What is the role of the thymus in the immune system?
What would happen if the thymus or bone marrow were destroyed in a patient?
What is clonal selection?
What is the difference (in vague terms) between the innate and adaptive (humoral) immunity?
If you are exposed to a cold, why are you sick for two weeks?
Why are MHC I genes so important? If some your cells lost MHCI genes what would happen?
What is passive immunity? Examples?
Blood transfusions vs. bone marrow transplants and immune response
What is autoimmune disease?
The Excretory System
Osmoregulation (hypoosmotic vs. hyperosmotiv vs. isoosmotic)
Urea vs. uric acid vs. ammonia
What organism secrete each and how does that relate to their water budget
Key feature of the:
-ascending and descending loop of Henle
-proximal and distal tubules
-Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus
Where are each of the structures listed above located in the kidney (medulla or cortex)
Be familiar with the:
ADH pathway
Renin-angiotensin aldosterone pathway
Know the purpose of the
-ureter
-uretha
Hormones and Reproduction
Sexual (including hermaphoditism) vs. asexual reproduction (budding, fission, etc.)
Advantages/disadvantage of sexual reproduction/asexual reproduction in terms of parental care
What is an advantage of internal fertization? ----greater parental investment, higher likelihood of individual survival
What is a cloaca?
What is a spermotheca?
What is a pheromone?
Which hormone regulates the thickening of the endometrium?
Reproductive anatomy---vagina leads to the cervix leads to the fallopian tubes leads to ovaries
Role of leydig and sertoli cells
Which hormone stimulates the secretion of LH and FSH?
Which hormones and/or substances inhibit the production of FSH and LH?
What is menstruation?
What hormone/substance released by the embryo prevents menstruation?
What is the least effective method of birth control?
Differences between spermatogenesis and oogenesis
What is the role of the following:
growth hormone
thyroid hormone
melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH)
human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG)
prolactin
What is the difference between tropic and nontropic hormones?
Do most organism reproduce on an estrous or reproductive cycle?
oxytocin/prostraglandin
What is a hormone? Is it short or long range? Does it act on all cells or just target cells?
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