What is the basis for the different appearance of the cortex and the medulla of the kidney?

Human Anatomy & Physiology (11th Edition)
11th Edition
ISBN:9780134580999
Author:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Publisher:Elaine N. Marieb, Katja N. Hoehn
Chapter1: The Human Body: An Orientation
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: The correct sequence of levels forming the structural hierarchy is A. (a) organ, organ system,...
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What is the basis for the different appearance of the cortex and the medulla of the kidney?

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Introduction:

A kidney is a bean-shaped organ located on either side of the abdomen. It controls water balance in the body excreting extra water from the blood in the form of urine. It controls acid-base and electrolyte balance by maintaining chemicals in the body including sodium, potassium, and calcium. 

Kidneys produce hormones for controlling blood pressure and triggering RBC production. It also removes toxins and wastes from the body. 

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