What is the atom economy if only two soap molecules were made (66% yield) for every triglyceride molecule reacted (include the third soap molecule in the waste instead of the product). PLEASE SEE PHOTO FOR REACTION of the triglyceride/soap molecule. Use the Sample chart provided below. What is the atom economy for the saponification reaction, assuming 100% yield (3 soap molecules for every triglyceride used)? Stoichiometric Coefficient, Name of Starting MaterialAtomic Symbol, Quantity, Atomic Mass of each atomMass (Quantity Times Atomic Mass) of all atoms Atoms Utilized in ProductMass of Atoms Utilized in Product Atoms Wasted in Byproducts Mass of Atoms Wasted in Byproducts **Green Chemistry Institute American Chemical Society Atom Economy Page 3****Reaction: Saponification**Diagram:- **Reactants**: Triglyceride (shown with a glycerol backbone and three fatty acid chains) and 3 NaOH (sodium hydroxide).- **Products**: Glycerol (glycerin) and 3 sodium palmitate (a type of soap).**General Reaction Mechanism for Saponification:****Step 1: Nucleophilic attack by the hydroxide**- A hydroxide ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the ester linkage in the triglyceride, resulting in a tetrahedral intermediate.**Step 2: Leaving group leaves**- The intermediate collapses back, expelling the leaving group (i.e., an alcohol molecule), and forming a carboxylic acid.**Step 3: Deprotonation due to the basic environment**- The carboxylic acid is deprotonated by another hydroxide ion, resulting in the formation of a carboxylate anion and water.This series of diagrams and descriptions depicts the chemical process of saponification, in which triglycerides react with a base to form soap and glycerol, useful for understanding the mechanism in chemistry education.

Given:a) Percent yield = 66%b) Percent yield = 100%Determine the atom economy.Atom economy is a measure of the efficiency of a chemical reaction in terms of the amount of starting materials that end up in the desired product.a) Atom economy is expressed as a percentage and is calculated using the following formula:....(1)Triglycerides of stearic acid contain 57 C, 110 H (1.008 g/mol), 6 O. Therefore, the molar mass of Triglycerides of stearic acid is 891.45 g/mol. Sodium hydroxide contains 3 H (1.008 g/mol), 3 O (16 g/mol), and 3 Na (22.99 g/mol). Therefore, the molar mass of 3NaOH is .Calculate the total mass of reactants:Calculate the mass of the main product:Sodium stearate contains 54 C (12.01 g/mol), 105 H (1.008 g/mol), 3 Na (22.99 g/mol), and 6 O (16 g/mol) Therefore,Now calculate the atom economy:Now substitute the values in equation and we get:b) Calculate the mass of the main product:The mass of the main product if 2 molecules of soap contain 36 C (12.01 g/mol), 70 H (1.008 g/mol), 2 Na (22.99 g/mol), and 4 O (16 g/mol) Therefore,Now calculate the atom economy:Now substitute the values in equation and we get:a) Atom economy is 90.9%.b) Atom economy is 60.6%

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Chemistry

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ISBN:9781305957404

Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste

Chapter1: Chemical Foundations

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What is the atom economy if only two soap molecules were made (66% yield) for every triglyceride molecule reacted (include the third soap molecule in the waste instead of the product). PLEASE SEE PHOTO FOR REACTION of the triglyceride/soap molecule. Use the Sample chart provided below.

What is the atom economy for the saponification reaction, assuming 100% yield (3 soap molecules for every triglyceride used)?

Stoichiometric Coefficient, Name of Starting Material	Atomic Symbol, Quantity, Atomic Mass of each atom	Mass (Quantity Times Atomic Mass) of all atoms	Atoms Utilized in Product	Mass of Atoms Utilized in Product	Atoms Wasted in Byproducts	Mass of Atoms Wasted in Byproducts

**Green Chemistry Institute
American Chemical Society
Atom Economy
Page 3**

**Reaction: Saponification**

Diagram:

- **Reactants**: Triglyceride (shown with a glycerol backbone and three fatty acid chains) and 3 NaOH (sodium hydroxide).
- **Products**: Glycerol (glycerin) and 3 sodium palmitate (a type of soap).

**General Reaction Mechanism for Saponification:**

**Step 1: Nucleophilic attack by the hydroxide**

- A hydroxide ion attacks the carbonyl carbon of the ester linkage in the triglyceride, resulting in a tetrahedral intermediate.

**Step 2: Leaving group leaves**

- The intermediate collapses back, expelling the leaving group (i.e., an alcohol molecule), and forming a carboxylic acid.

**Step 3: Deprotonation due to the basic environment**

- The carboxylic acid is deprotonated by another hydroxide ion, resulting in the formation of a carboxylate anion and water.

This series of diagrams and descriptions depicts the chemical process of saponification, in which triglycerides react with a base to form soap and glycerol, useful for understanding the mechanism in chemistry education.

Definition Definition Number that is expressed before molecules, ions, and atoms such that it balances out the number of components present on either section of the equation in a chemical reaction. Stoichiometric coefficients can be a fraction or a whole number and are useful in determining the mole ratio among the reactants and products. In any equalized chemical equation, the number of components on either side of the equation will be the same.

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