What is systemic racism?
What is systemic racism?
Systemic racism is also known as structural racism or institutional racism. It is defined as the systems and structures that have procedures in a way that they disadvantage the minority group which, in case of America, is African Americans or people with other races. This can also be referred to as the process of white supremacy.
The term Institutional Racism was coined in 1967 and was defined in 1999 as the "Collective failure of an organization to provide services to people of different culture, race or ethnic origin". This kind of racism can be seen in the procedures and attitudes that can be identified as discrimination through ignorance, prejudice or even racist stereotyping that can be disadvantageous to the minority groups.
Three types of racism were classified by Professor James M Jones that are:
- Personally Mediated: This type of racism includes the deliberate attitudes to prejudiced action, discrimination, stereotyping, commission and omission.
- Internalized Racism: This type of racism stems from the acceptance by the members of the racially stigmatized people, that their abilities are less than the majority group.
- Institutional Racism: The persistent stereotypes fuel the systemic racism and leads to causing issues in interpersonal relationships.
The systemic racism also leads to forming patterns in housing conditions, shapes views about criminal activities, welfare policies, crime policies etc. The existence of systemic policies by various organisations, practices and policies, and economical structures usually place the minority groups at a disadvantage when compared to the majority groups.
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