What is Oxidative phosphorylation and why is it needed in the catabolic pathways you have studied and what enzyme is involved in the process?
Electron Transport Chain
The electron transport chain, also known as the electron transport system, is a group of proteins that transfer electrons through a membrane within mitochondria to create a gradient of protons that drives adenosine triphosphate (ATP)synthesis. The cell uses ATP as an energy source for metabolic processes and cellular functions. ETC involves series of reactions that convert redox energy from NADH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H)) and FADH2(flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)) oxidation into proton-motive force(PMF), which is then used to synthesize ATP through conformational changes in the ATP synthase complex, a process known as oxidative phosphorylation.
Metabolism
Picture a campfire. It keeps the body warm on a cold night and provides light. To ensure that the fire keeps burning, fuel needs to be added(pieces of wood in this case). When a small piece is added, the fire burns bright for a bit and then dies down unless more wood is added. But, if too many pieces are placed at a time, the fire escalates and burns for a longer time, without actually burning away all the pieces that have been added. Many of them, especially the larger chunks or damp pieces, remain unburnt.
Cellular Respiration
Cellular respiration is the cellular process involved in the generation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) molecules from the organic nutritional source obtained from the diet. It is a universal process observed in all types of life forms. The glucose (chemical formula C6H12O6) molecules are the preferred raw material for cell respiration as it possesses a simple structure and is highly efficient in nature.
What is Oxidative phosphorylation and why is it needed in the catabolic pathways you have studied and what enzyme is involved in the process?
Cellular respiration -
It is a catabolic process that breaks down large molecules into smaller ones to release energy to power cellular activities. Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions that take place inside the cells to convert biochemical energy obtained from food into a chemical compound called adenosine triphosphate (ATP). An energetic pathway called aerobic respiration uses molecular oxygen. Fermentation and anaerobic respiration are examples of anaerobic exergonic mechanisms, which do not require oxygen.
Catabolism refers to the exergonic process through which the energy generated during the breakdown of organic substances like glucose can be used to create ATP, the form of energy needed to carry out cellular tasks. The endergonic process known as anabolism utilises the ATP-stored energy to create the building blocks of the macromolecules that make up cells.
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