Answer the following question after reading the images given.What is meant by the term cDNA, and how may a cDNA differ from the gene from which it is derived? Briefly outline how double-stranded cDNA is synthesised in the laboratory Most eukaryotic genes are composed of both exons (regions represented in the MRNAderived from the gene) and introns (regions that are transcribed initially, but are absentfrom the MRNA). Furthermore, not all the nucleotides in an MRNA are translated intoprotein. Thus, gene sequences need careful analysis and annotation to identify theirfunctional regions. In this part of the assignment, DNA databases and other onlineresources will be used to find the identity of a human gene (designated gene A), anddetermine its intron-exon structure and the properties of the protein it encoded. Onemain aim will be to produce an annotated sequence for gene A of a standard suitablefor publication in a scientific paper, similar to the example below (Fig. 2.) which showsthe entire region of the Human metallothionein 2A gene that is transcribed into RNA.CTTGCCGCGCTGCACTCCACCACGCCTCCTCCAAGTCCCAGCGAACCCGCGTGCAACCTGMD PN C sCA ATCCCGACTCTAGCCGCCTCTTCAGCTCGCCATGGATCCCAACTGCTCCTGCGCCGCCGgtaagaggetggggatgcccagtgtagactgtagcgctagagaagcaatttctgacccctctttctttctctggtcactcaatttcaggacaggagttgctcctteccaaagagttttggggtatctttctctccattctaggttattcggagccccctttttaccgttaaggagatctgagttaatggcttgctcaagttcccaggaatcggttgtggactgaggaactcggccccgggctcttagtacgccgtcccttgttcaggtatccagggacggttctcacctctgtettttctccGD S Cт сAG S скск вскс тttgcagGTGACTCCTGCACCTGCGCCGGCTCCTGCAAATGCAAAGAGTGCAAATGCACCTs CK KCCTGCAAGAAAAgtaagtgggatcctetctttectctaccccttccctgtcctccagcctgtcccctctccaccatcctcaggggaattaaagcagtctggggatgccccattgcgcggaaattgttgcctcctcagtgatccttatcagggagagcaggaatccttattcccggtgtcgsc c s c C P vctagtactcatctctgccgcctcctgtctgcccccagGCTGCTGCTCcCTGCTGCCCTGTGG C AK C A Q G C I C K G AS D Kc s cGGCTGTGCCAAGTGTGCCCAGGGCTGCATCTGCAAAGGGGCGTCGGACAAGTGCAGCTGCCATGCGCCTGATGCTGGGACAGCCCCGCTCCCAGATGTAAAGAACGCGACTTCCACAAACCTGGATTTTTTATGTACAACCCTGACCGTGACCGTTTGCTATATTCCTTTTTCTATGAAATAATGTGAATGATAATAAAACAGCTTTGACTTGAFigure 2. The Human metallothionein 2A gene. Exon sequences are in upper case,intron sequences in lower case. The predicted amino acid sequence is shown abovethe corresponding nucleotide sequence, * represents a termination codon. The assignment involves analysis of the DNA sequences shown below. Both arederived from gene A. The first sequence is the entire transcribed region of thechromosomal DNA of the gene (only the coding strand is shown), the second (alsoshowing the coding strand) is that of the corresponding CDNA. NB the sequences areshown in the "FASTA" format, which is used by many bioinformatics applications.FASTA-formatted sequences have a > symbol followed by a little text and a paragraphbreak before the actual nucleotide sequence).Chromosomal DNA sequence from gene A>chromosomalACATTTGCTTCTGACACAACTGTGTTCACTAGCAACCTCAAACAGACACCATGGTGCATCTGACTCCTGAGGAGAAGTCTGCCGTTACTGCCCTGTGGGGCAAGGTGAACGTGGATGAAGTTGGTGGTGAGGCCCTGGGCAGGTTGGTATCAAGGTTACAAGACAGGTTTAAGGAGACCAATAGAAACTGGGCATGTGGAGACAGAGAAGACTCTTGGGTTTCTGATAGGCACTGACTCTCTCTGCCTATTGGTCTATTTTCCCACCCTTAGGCTGCTGGTGGTCTACCCTTGGACCCAGAGGTTCTTTGAGTCCTTTGGGGATCTGTCCACTCCTGATGCTGTTATGGGCAACCCTAAGGTGAAGGCTCATGGCAAGAAAGTGCTCGGTGCCTTTAGTGATGGCCTGGCTCACCTGGACAACCTCAAGGGCACCTTTGCCACACTGAGTGAGCTGCACTGTGACAAGCTGCACGTGGATCCTGAGAACTTCAGGGTGAGTCTATGGGACGCTTGATGTTTTCTTTCCCCTTCTTTTCTATGGTTAAGTTCATGTCATAGGAAGGGGATAAGTAACAGGGTACAGTTTAGAATGGGAAACAGACGAATGATTGCATCAGTGTGGAAGTCTCAGGATCGTTTTAGTTTCTTTTATTTGCTGTTCATAACAATTGTTTTCTTTTGTTTAATTCTTGCTTTCTTTTTTTTTCTTCTCCGCAATTTTTACTATTATACTTAATGCCTTAACATTGTGTATAACAAAAGGAAATATCTCTGAGATACATTAAGTAACTTAAAAAAAAACTTTACACAGTCTGCCTAGTACATTACTATTTGGAATATATGTGTGCTTATTTGCATATTCATAATCTCCCTACTTTATTTTCTTTTATTTTTAATTGATACATAATCATTATACATATTTATGGGTTAAAGTGTAATGTTTTAATATGTGTACACATATTGACCAAATCAGGGTAATTTTGCATTTGTAATTTTAAAAAATGCTTTCTTCTTTTAATATACTTTTTTGTTTATCTTATTTCTAATACTTTCCCTAATCTCTттстттCAGGGCААTAАTGATACAАTGTATCATGCCтстттсCACCATTсТААAGAATAACAGTGATAATTTCTGGGTTAAGGCAATAGCAATATCTCTGCATATAAATATTTCTGCATATAAATTGTAACTGATGTAAGAGGTTTCATATTGCTAATAGCAGCTACAATCCAGCTACCATTCTGCTTTTATTTTATGGTTGGGATAAGGCTGGATTATTCTGAGTCCAAGCTAGGCCCTTTTGCTAATCATGTTCATACCTCTTATCTTCCTCCCACAGCTCCTGGGCAACGTGCTGGTCTGTGTGCTGGCCCATCACTTTGGCAAAGAATTCACCCCACCAGTGCAGGCTGCCTATCAGAAAGTGGTGGCTGGTGTGGCTAATGCCCTGGCCCACAAGTATCACTAAGCTCGCTTTCTTGCTGTССААТТТСТАТТАAAGGTTCCTTTGTTCCCTAAGTCСAАСТАСТАААСТGGGGGATATTATGAAGGGCCTTGAGCATCTGGATTCTGCCTAATAAAAAACATTTATTTTCATTGCAACDNA sequence from gene A>CDNAACATTTGCTTCTGACACAACTGTGTTCACTAGCAACCTCAAACAGACACcCATGGTGCATCTGACTCCTGAGGAGAAGTCTGCCCGTTACTGCCCTGTGGGGCAAGGTGAACGTGGATGAAGTTGGTGGTGAGGCCCTGGGCAGGCTGCTGGTGGTCTACCCTTGGACCCAGAGGTTCTTTGAGTCCTTTGGGGATCTGTCCACTCCTGATGCTGTTATGGGCAACCCTAAGGTGAAGGCTCATGGCAAGAAAGTGCTCGGTGCCTTTAGTGATGGCCTGGCTCACCTGGACAACCTCAAGGGCACCTTTGCCACACTGAGTGAGCTGCACTGTGACAAGCTGCACGTGGATCCTGAGAACTTCAGGCTCCTGGGCAACGTGCTGGTCTGTGTGCTGGCCCATCACTTTGGCAAAGAATTCACCCCACCAGTGCAGGCTGCCTATCAGAAAGTGGTGGCTGGTGTGGCTAATGCCCTGGCCCACAAGTATCACTAAGCTCGCTTTCTTGCCTGTCCAATTTCTATTAAAGGTTCCTTTGTTCCCTAAGTCCAACTACTAAACTGGGGGATATTATGAAGGGCCTTGAGCATCTGGATTCTGCCTAATAAAAAACATTTATTTTCATTGCAA

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in humans and almost all other animals.…

Answered: What is meant by the term cDNA, and how…

What is meant by the term cDNA, and how may a cDNA differ from the gene from which it is derived? Briefly outline how double-stranded cDNA is synthesised in the laboratory

Biochemistry

9th Edition

ISBN:9781319114671

Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Publisher:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.

Chapter1: Biochemistry: An Evolving Science

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1P

See similar textbooks

Similar questions

How to incorporate prokaryotic gene into eukaryotic cell to make an transgenic organism?In this case what promoter will be used.explain the process in details
Give 2 differences between a DNA library and a cDNA library
What is the net gain in the number of chemical bonds during splicing of an intron? Please explain your answer.
Damien and Jessica are friends that are interested in proteomics. One day Damien and Jessica go to a proteomics lab to have their proteome (all proteins in body) analyzed. The analysis shows that there is a difference in one amino acid within each of their hemoglobin proteins. However, both of their hemoglobin proteins appear to be functioning properly. They both come to you and ask you the significance of this finding, what do you tell them? Should they be worried? Provide a detailed rationale. .
You have two samples you have to sequence: one is a cloned plasmid that you want to verify the sequence of, and another is the cDNA library of the transcriptome of a cell. Which method would you use for each sample and why?
Transcriptome analysis involves two separate methodologies: gene expression and RNA seq analyses. The 10 items below are a scrambled listing of the steps used in the two procedures. Identify the steps involved in RNA seq from the list below. Use the numbers in the list to refer to each step. Once the steps for RNA seq have been identified, write the steps in the order in which they are performed during the experiment. (1) DNA sequencing (2) Allow for hybridization and wash excess cRNA. (3) Mix labeled cRNA with array chip. (4) PCR amplification (5) Measure fluorescence intensity to determine abundance of transcripts. (6) Add labeled cRNA at each microarray location. (7) Map cDNA sequences to the genome of the organism to determine identity and abundance of transcripts. (8) mRNA isolation from cells (9) Prepare fluorescently labeled cRNA probes (10) cDNA synthesis
What assay uses the fact that activators can be separated into DNA binding and activating domains? What information do you gain from this assay? Describe briefly how to perform this assay.
Consider the retinoblastoma gene, which is 7,500bp long. If RNA polymerase can transcribe at the rate of 50 nucleotides/sec, how many retinoblastoma transcripts are produced in 10 minutes?
Restriction endonucleases are bacterial enzymes that cleave duplex (double-stranded) DNA at specific nucleotide sequences. The mode of replication of the animal virus SV40 has been investigated by using restriction endonucleases that cleave SV40 DNA into a number of unique segments. Like most viruses, SV40 DNA is circular. The map positions of the 11 fragments produced by a pair of restriction endonucleases are shown on the next page. Immediately following a 5 or 10 minute pulse of radioactively labeled thymidine, labeled SV40 molecules that have completed replication during the pulse are isolated. These newly replicated DNA molecules are digested by the restriction endonucleases and the resulting fragments are analyzed for the relative amounts of pulse label they contain. The results are in the table below. Assume that at the time the label was added there was a random population of replicating SV40 DNA molecules in all possible stages of synthesis. From the information given below,…
Match each of the following examples with the hypothesis it argues against. Example The gene coding for keratin A gene coding for a tRNA Three genes, each coding for one of the G protein subunits (a, ß and y) A gene that undergoes alternative splicing Hypothesis One gene → one polypeptide One gene→→ one enzyme One gene → one protein One gene → one protein
List the steps to make a genomic library. What steps would change if you wanted to make a cDNA library instead?
Suppose you had isolated a new transcription factor and wanted to know which genes this protein might regulate. Is there any way that you could use a cDNA microarray of the type shown in the picture to approach this question?