What function does the MMU play in reconciling the physical and logical caches? Explain the difference between the Least recently used and Least often used replacement algorithms.

For a direct-mapped cache design with a 32-bit address, the following bits of the address areused to access the cache.Tag                              Index                             Offset31–10                           9–6                                5–0a– What is the cache block size (in words)? b – How many entries does the cache have? c – What is the ratio between total bits required for such a cache implementation overthe data storage bits?

When it comes to caching, what's the difference between the logical and physical caches?

For a direct-mapped cache design with a 32-bit address, the following bits of the address are used to access the cache: Tag Index Offset 31-10 9-6 5-0 1. What is the cache block size (in words)? 2. How many entries does the cache have?  3. What is the ratio between total bits required for such a cache implementation over the data storage bits?

It would be of great assistance if you could explain how one of the cache protocols is used in the manner for which it was intended to be used. Specifically, it would be beneficial if you could clarify how it was planned to be utilised.

Differentiate between caches that are totally associative and those that are directly mapped.

By convention, a cache is named according to the amount of data it contains (i.e., a 4 KiB cache can hold 4 KiB of data); however, caches also require SRAM to store metadata such as tags and valid bits. For this exercise, you will examine how a cache's configuration affects the total amount of SRAM needed to implement it as well as the performance of the cache. For all parts, assume that the caches are byte addressable, and that addresses and words are 64 bits. (a) Calculate the total number of bits required to implement a 32 KiB cache with two-word blocks. (b) Calculate the total number of bits required to implement a 64 KiB cache with 16-word blocks. How much bigger is this cache than the 32 KiB cache described in Part a? (Notice that, by changing the block size, we doubled the amount of data without doubling the total size of the cache.)

Distinguish between fully associative and direct-mapped caches.

Give two reasons why caches are useful. What problems do they solve? What problems do they cause? If a cache can be made as large as the device for which it is caching (for instance, a cache as large as a disk), why not make it that large and eliminate the device?

Could you please describe the foundations of a cache hierarchy's design and operation?