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(What does it me Model 1: General structure of an a-amino acid in acidic, neutral, or basic solution. The building blocks of proteins are a-amino acids, small molecules that contain a carboxylic acid and an amino group. The amino group is connected to the carbon next to the carboxyl group, designated the a carbon. There are 20 different amino acids found in proteins, differing only in the side chain ("R group"). R-CH-C- -CH-C NH₂ basic (high pH) acidic (low pH) neutral Amino acids contain both a carboxylic acid (proton donor) and a basic amino group (proton acceptor). The neutral "zwitterionic" form is commonly found in aqueous solutions with a pH near neutrality. The side chain "R" may be one of 20 choices. R-CH-C-OH T NH3 + R-CH-C-0 1 NH3 Critical Thinking Questions: 1. Identify the a-amino group and the carboxyl group in each structure in Model 1. Ensure all team members agree. 2. Circle the correct ionization state of an amino group a. at low pH: -NH₂ or -NH3* b. near neutral pH: -NH₂ or -NH3* c. at high pH: -NH₂ or -NH3* 3. Circle the correct ionization state of a carboxyl group a. at low pH: -COOH or -COO b. near neutral pH: -COOH or -COO™ c. at high pH: -COOH or -COO-

(What does it me Model 1: General structure of an a-amino acid in acidic, neutral, or basic solution. The building blocks of proteins are a-amino acids, small molecules that contain a carboxylic acid and an amino group. The amino group is connected to the carbon next to the carboxyl group, designated the a carbon. There are 20 different amino acids found in proteins, differing only in the side chain ("R group"). R-CH-C- -CH-C NH₂ basic (high pH) acidic (low pH) neutral Amino acids contain both a carboxylic acid (proton donor) and a basic amino group (proton acceptor). The neutral "zwitterionic" form is commonly found in aqueous solutions with a pH near neutrality. The side chain "R" may be one of 20 choices. R-CH-C-OH T NH3 + R-CH-C-0 1 NH3 Critical Thinking Questions: 1. Identify the a-amino group and the carboxyl group in each structure in Model 1. Ensure all team members agree. 2. Circle the correct ionization state of an amino group a. at low pH: -NH₂ or -NH3* b. near neutral pH: -NH₂ or -NH3* c. at high pH: -NH₂ or -NH3* 3. Circle the correct ionization state of a carboxyl group a. at low pH: -COOH or -COO b. near neutral pH: -COOH or -COO™ c. at high pH: -COOH or -COO-

Chemistry
Chemistry
10th Edition
ISBN:9781305957404
Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Publisher:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCoste
Chapter1: Chemical Foundations
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1RQ: Define and explain the differences between the following terms. a. law and theory b. theory and...
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# Overview of Amino Acids and Proteins ### (What does it mean for a protein to be denatured?) --- ### Model 1: General structure of an α-amino acid in acidic, neutral, or basic solution. The building blocks of proteins are **α-amino acids**, small molecules that contain a carboxyl acid and an amino group. The amino group is connected to the carbon next to the carboxyl group, designated the α carbon. There are 20 different amino acids found in proteins, differing only in the **side chain** ("R group"). #### Diagram Explanation: - **Acidic (low pH):** - Structure: R—CH—COOH and NH₃⁺ - **Neutral:** - Structure: R—CH—COO⁻ and NH₃⁺ - **Basic (high pH):** - Structure: R—CH—COO⁻ and NH₂ Amino acids contain both a carboxylic acid (proton donor) and a basic amino group (proton acceptor). The neutral "zwitterionic" form is commonly found in aqueous solutions with a pH near neutrality. The side chain "R" may be one of 20 choices. --- ### Critical Thinking Questions: 1. **Identify** the α-amino group and the carboxyl group in each structure in Model 1. Ensure all team members agree. 2. **Circle the correct ionization state of an amino group:** - a. at low pH: —NH₂ or —NH₃⁺ - b. near neutral pH: —NH₂ or —NH₃⁺ - c. at high pH: —NH₂ or —NH₃⁺ 3. **Circle the correct ionization state of a carboxyl group:** - a. at low pH: —COOH or —COO⁻ - b. near neutral pH: —COOH or —COO⁻ - c. at high pH: —COOH or —COO⁻ 4. **Using Model 2** (on the following page) to help you, draw the structure of the indicated amino acid as it would commonly exist under the given conditions. Charges are important. --- ### Illustrations of Amino Acids: - **(
Transcribed Image Text:# Overview of Amino Acids and Proteins ### (What does it mean for a protein to be denatured?) --- ### Model 1: General structure of an α-amino acid in acidic, neutral, or basic solution. The building blocks of proteins are **α-amino acids**, small molecules that contain a carboxyl acid and an amino group. The amino group is connected to the carbon next to the carboxyl group, designated the α carbon. There are 20 different amino acids found in proteins, differing only in the **side chain** ("R group"). #### Diagram Explanation: - **Acidic (low pH):** - Structure: R—CH—COOH and NH₃⁺ - **Neutral:** - Structure: R—CH—COO⁻ and NH₃⁺ - **Basic (high pH):** - Structure: R—CH—COO⁻ and NH₂ Amino acids contain both a carboxylic acid (proton donor) and a basic amino group (proton acceptor). The neutral "zwitterionic" form is commonly found in aqueous solutions with a pH near neutrality. The side chain "R" may be one of 20 choices. --- ### Critical Thinking Questions: 1. **Identify** the α-amino group and the carboxyl group in each structure in Model 1. Ensure all team members agree. 2. **Circle the correct ionization state of an amino group:** - a. at low pH: —NH₂ or —NH₃⁺ - b. near neutral pH: —NH₂ or —NH₃⁺ - c. at high pH: —NH₂ or —NH₃⁺ 3. **Circle the correct ionization state of a carboxyl group:** - a. at low pH: —COOH or —COO⁻ - b. near neutral pH: —COOH or —COO⁻ - c. at high pH: —COOH or —COO⁻ 4. **Using Model 2** (on the following page) to help you, draw the structure of the indicated amino acid as it would commonly exist under the given conditions. Charges are important. --- ### Illustrations of Amino Acids: - **(
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