Bacterial Genomics
The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.
Transformation Experiment in Bacteria
In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.
Plasmids and Vectors
The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.
| Both types of topoisomerases participate in the formation of nucleosomes. |
| Topoisomerase type I cleaves one strand of a DNA duplex to remove DNA supercoils, and topoisomerase type II cleaves both strands of the DNA duplex when introducing negative supercoils into the molecule. |
| Topoisomerase type I works to replicate DNA and topoisomerase type II works to transcribe RNA. |
| Topoisomerase type I works on double-stranded DNA, and topoisomerase type II ("gyrase") works on single-stranded DNA. |
| Topoisomerase type I adds negative DNA supercoils, and topoisomerase type II removes them. |
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