We will consider a linear system and a nonlinear system under uncertainty, each expressed in the form of a set of stochastic differential equation (SDE) as follows: = da (Ax+ Bu)dt + Gdw, dx = f(x,u,t)dt+Gdw, (1) (2) where x is the state, u is the control, and dw is a differential increment of standard Brownian motion, i.e., E[dw] = 0 and E [dw(t)dw(t)] = dt-1. In this problem, we consider the linear SDE, Eq. (1), with a very simple model where x = R², u = [0,0] (no control), and dw R². The matrices A, B, and G are given as follows: A=02x2, B=02x2; G = [000] (3) where σp Є R represents the degree of the uncertainty, and let us take σ₁ = 2 and σ2 = 3. Assume that the initial state is deterministic and e(t = 0) = [0,0]. Take the following steps to simulate the given SDE for 1 € [0, 1]: (a): Consider the increments of w between each time interval [+1). Derive the analytical expression of Aw using w~N(02, 12), where Aw, w(tk+1) — w(tk). (c): Derive the approximate continuous-time EoM from Eq. (1) by assuming that the same noise is applied to the system over the interval t = [tk, tk+1) while satisfying the increment Awk derived in (a).
We will consider a linear system and a nonlinear system under uncertainty, each expressed in the form of a set of stochastic differential equation (SDE) as follows: = da (Ax+ Bu)dt + Gdw, dx = f(x,u,t)dt+Gdw, (1) (2) where x is the state, u is the control, and dw is a differential increment of standard Brownian motion, i.e., E[dw] = 0 and E [dw(t)dw(t)] = dt-1. In this problem, we consider the linear SDE, Eq. (1), with a very simple model where x = R², u = [0,0] (no control), and dw R². The matrices A, B, and G are given as follows: A=02x2, B=02x2; G = [000] (3) where σp Є R represents the degree of the uncertainty, and let us take σ₁ = 2 and σ2 = 3. Assume that the initial state is deterministic and e(t = 0) = [0,0]. Take the following steps to simulate the given SDE for 1 € [0, 1]: (a): Consider the increments of w between each time interval [+1). Derive the analytical expression of Aw using w~N(02, 12), where Aw, w(tk+1) — w(tk). (c): Derive the approximate continuous-time EoM from Eq. (1) by assuming that the same noise is applied to the system over the interval t = [tk, tk+1) while satisfying the increment Awk derived in (a).
Elements Of Electromagnetics
7th Edition
ISBN:9780190698614
Author:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
Publisher:Sadiku, Matthew N. O.
ChapterMA: Math Assessment
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 1.1MA
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![We will consider a linear system and a nonlinear system under uncertainty, each expressed in the form
of a set of stochastic differential equation (SDE) as follows:
=
da (Ax+ Bu)dt + Gdw,
dx = f(x,u,t)dt+Gdw,
(1)
(2)
where x is the state, u is the control, and dw is a differential increment of standard Brownian motion, i.e.,
E[dw] = 0 and E [dw(t)dw(t)] = dt-1.
In this problem, we consider the linear SDE, Eq. (1), with a very simple model where x = R², u = [0,0]
(no control), and dw R². The matrices A, B, and G are given as follows:
A=02x2, B=02x2; G = [000]
(3)
where σp Є R represents the degree of the uncertainty, and let us take σ₁ = 2 and σ2 = 3. Assume that the
initial state is deterministic and e(t = 0) = [0,0]. Take the following steps to simulate the given SDE for
1 € [0, 1]:
(a): Consider the increments of w between each time interval [+1). Derive the analytical expression
of Aw using w~N(02, 12), where Aw, w(tk+1) — w(tk).
(c): Derive the approximate continuous-time EoM from Eq. (1) by assuming that the same noise is applied
to the system over the interval t = [tk, tk+1) while satisfying the increment Awk derived in (a).](/v2/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.bartleby.com%2Fqna-images%2Fquestion%2Fad0d55fe-d83b-4711-86a1-cee8ecea510f%2Ffc755d51-550a-4109-b81e-680c1886b78d%2Fxan3s8g_processed.png&w=3840&q=75)
Transcribed Image Text:We will consider a linear system and a nonlinear system under uncertainty, each expressed in the form
of a set of stochastic differential equation (SDE) as follows:
=
da (Ax+ Bu)dt + Gdw,
dx = f(x,u,t)dt+Gdw,
(1)
(2)
where x is the state, u is the control, and dw is a differential increment of standard Brownian motion, i.e.,
E[dw] = 0 and E [dw(t)dw(t)] = dt-1.
In this problem, we consider the linear SDE, Eq. (1), with a very simple model where x = R², u = [0,0]
(no control), and dw R². The matrices A, B, and G are given as follows:
A=02x2, B=02x2; G = [000]
(3)
where σp Є R represents the degree of the uncertainty, and let us take σ₁ = 2 and σ2 = 3. Assume that the
initial state is deterministic and e(t = 0) = [0,0]. Take the following steps to simulate the given SDE for
1 € [0, 1]:
(a): Consider the increments of w between each time interval [+1). Derive the analytical expression
of Aw using w~N(02, 12), where Aw, w(tk+1) — w(tk).
(c): Derive the approximate continuous-time EoM from Eq. (1) by assuming that the same noise is applied
to the system over the interval t = [tk, tk+1) while satisfying the increment Awk derived in (a).
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